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STATE RECLAMATION AND MOSQUITO CONTROL BOARD
NORTHEAST MASSACHUSETTS MOSQUITO CONTROL
AND WETLANDS MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
118 Tenney Street " °
Georgetown,MA 01833
Phone:(978)352-2800 ���WEltiAB�g��
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Coinniissioneis
Mary F.Duggan.:Executive Director John W.Morris,CHO: Chair
William Mehaffey,Jr.:Operations Manager Vincent J.Russo,MD,MPH: Vice Chair
Emily D.W.Sullivan: Wetlands Project Coordinator Paul Sevigny,RS,CHO
I{imberly A.Foss.:Entomologist Joseph T.Giarrusso,Conservation Officer
Robyn A.Januszewski:Biologist Rosemary Decie,RS
2016 Best Management Practice Plan
North Andover
FY17 Percentage of assessment allocated to specific measures as prescribed by individual municipalities
Best Management Practice (BMP) in the Town of North Andover
For 2017 the District is asking for a level funded budget. For FY17, our primary goal is to protect our
subscribing communities from virus. We will do all in our power to reduce the mosquito populations on a
regional and town wide basis, thus reducing the virus risk to our residents. We look for continued support and
understanding from all the communities we serve if we are to be successful
Assessment: As estimated by the Massachusetts Department of Revenue, Division of Local Services, in
accordance with Chapter 516 of the General Laws of the Commonwealth. The assessment formula is based on
a regional concept, which considers square miles and evaluation. The District offers this breakdown as a
general guide to how funds are allocated specific to your community.
FY17 Estimated District Budget for the Town of North Andover $88,921.00
FY17 State Reclamation and Mosquito Control Board (est.) $3,159.40
FY17 Total Assessment for the Town of North Andover $91,843.00
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2016 Best Management Practice Plata:North Andover
-Committed to the principals of mosquito control and wetland management -
District Breakdown of Control Measures
(Control measures specific to North Andover are Bolded)
General Operational Cost Share
Regional Adult Mosquito Surveillance Program
Regional Vector/Virus Intervention
Surveillance
Larviciding/Catch Basin Treatment/Manual Ditch Maintenance
Adulticiding/Barrier Treatment(Board of Health approval only—confirmed at 3/16/16 meeting)
Ditch Maintenance/Wetlands Management
Tire Recycling Program
Inspectional Services
Property Inspections
Mosquito Habitat Mitigation
Research and Development
Education and Outreach
Social Media
2015 Overall Mosquito & Arbovirus Surveillance
Summary
Snowy and cold winter
Abundant snowfall occurred during the winter of 2014-2015.The Northeast was particularly snowy with below
average seasonal temperatures, where Boston, Massachusetts had its snowiest February of any month since
1872 with 64.8 inches of snow. Because of these early below average temperatures, many cattail marshes
froze into the root zone; reducing the survival of Copuillitidia perturbans AKA "cattail mosquito" (bridge vector
for EEE/WNV) larvae for their July emergence period. The 2015 adult cattail mosquito numbers were reduced
by 79%.
Page 2 of 13
2016 Best Management Practice Plan: North Andover
March cool and dry
April cool and dry
May hot and dry
Drought conditions dominated from March through May with below normal temperatures in March and April.
Massachusetts saw the second driest and warmest May on record since 1895. With snowmelt pockets
available for larval development, "spring brood" mosquito populations (those that emerge in May) increased
slightly from 2014 but were at seasonal average numbers for 2015 (compared to 2010-2013 data). However,
red maple swamps/acid bogs and sphagnum bogs were also hard hit with the cold winter months and with the
very dry spring reduced the spring populations of Culiseto melanura (primary vector for EEE). EEE was not
detected during 2015 in the District. EEE risk may increase during years of normal to above average
precipitation.
June cool and wet
The Northeast went from a very dry May to a very wet and cool June. The Northeast saw 7.29 inches of
rainfall, which was 173 percent of normal and made it the 3rd wettest June on record. Massachusetts ranked
10th wettest June on record.
July average temperature and dry
July continued to have average annual temperatures but below average precipitation. Due to the lack of
precipitation, the rain/fresh floodwater mosquito, Aedes vexans (bridge vector EEE/WNV), was reduced from
2014 by 81%. Under drought conditions untreated salt marsh breeding areas are flooded only during the
monthly high tides and hatching of the accumulated eggs produces hordes of mosquitoes. The District saw a
large decrease (94% in Oc. sollicitans and 77% in Oc. cantator) in both species of salt marsh mosquitoes. This
can be in part attributed to diligent larviciding efforts in all marsh district communities.
August hot and dry
Northeast Massachusetts had the 9th warmest August on record with moderate drought conditions by the end
of August. The first positive WNV mosquito pool for the NE District was identified on August 24th, 2015 in
Culex pipiens followed by 5 more mosquito pools (Cx pipiens/restuans complex and Cx. salinarius) on August
31St. Container breeding mosquito populations are negatively affected by drought conditions. However, during
hot, dry seasons water supplies are in high demand for both mosquitoes and bird populations. They both
congregate at the areas of contained water, potentially increasing urban WNV infections. Catch basin
larviciding should be moved up to June to further reduce adult Cx. pipiens/Cx. restuans populations for July
and August in the high risk municipalities. The District recommends a more closely coordinated catch basin
management plan for those communities not participating in early larviciding.
September hot and near normal precipitation
Massachusetts saw the warmest September with some extreme temperature days recorded since 1895. The
District was still experiencing moderate drought conditions and received about average rain for the month.
The District had 3 positive WNV mosquito pools of Cx pipiens on September 10th, 14th, and 24th and 1 human
WNV case on September 29th; bringing the districts 2015 season total to 9 WNV positive mosquito pools and 1
WNV confirmed human case. Populations of Cx. salinarius, an efficient bridge vector of WNV, were relatively
similar to past years where the risk for WNV was increased thorough the state.
Page 3 of 13
2016 Best Management Practice Plan:Not-th Anclovef-
October near normal seasonal conditions
October temperatures and precipitation for northeast district were near normal. Even with some normal
precipitation, drought conditions in the area remained. Due to lack of mosquitoes collected in all trap types,
surveillance and submissions to the lab ceased on October 15t
By the end of December 2015, the district remains unseasonably warm with moderate drought conditions in
the area.
Total Mosquito Collected by NE Mosquito Control District*
2014 2015 %change
Resting Boxes 1244 370 70%decrease
NJ CO2 traps 73,894 19,573 74%decrease
Gravid Traps 7,856 3,480 56%decrease
*See 2016 Vector Management Plan for trap information
Pest and Medically Important Mosquito Species(habitat)*
2014 2015 %change
Culiseta melanura(red maple/acid bog/sphagnum swamp) 1,480 552 63%decrease
Culex pipiens(container/catch basins) 4,104 1,860 55%decrease
Culex restuans(container/catch basins) 3,397 1,108 67%decrease
Culexsalinarius(brackish water/phragmities/roadside ditches) 2,101 1,823 13%decrease
Coquillitidia perturbans(cattail) 45,685 9,463 79%decrease
Aedes vexans(rainwater/fresh floodwater) 4,934 916 81%decrease
Ochlerotatus japonicus(tree hole/container breeder) 2,014 489 76%decrease
Ochlerotatus sollicitans(salt marsh) 1,793 114 94%decrease
Ochlerotatus cantator(salt marsh) 12,980 3,007 77%decrease
Ochlerotatus canadensis(spring/summer woodland pool) 770 325 58%decrease
*Totals include all trap types in historical locations
Page 4 of 13
2016 Best Mancrgernent Practice Plan: North Andover
Divisional Precipitation Ranks
April--September 2015
Period:1885-2015
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RaFord Much Bekav Near Above Much Record
Drtasl wow Average Average Average Above Woriostl
Average Average
Precipitation in Massachusetts 2015 Normal Actual
State 3.81 2.58
April
District 3.72 2.49
State 3.80 1,05
May
District 3.54 1,75
State 3.86 6.11
June
District 3.56 7.07
July State 3.70 3.39
District 3.48 2.71
State 3.91 2.60
August
District 3.63 2.53
State 3.85 3.99
September
District 3.56 4.18
Page 5 of 13
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2016 Best Management Pi-actice Plan:North Andover-
Divisional Average Temperature Ranks
April—September 2015
Period:1895-2415
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Record hluctti &taa� Near Abavo Much �R{ecard
Coldest taw Averago Avomp Avorago Ahova 1VarmcIt
Average Average
Georgetown, MA Monthly Temperature Averages(F)
Actual 2015 Normal Departure
April 47 48 -1
May 63 58 +5
June 65 68 -3
July 73 73 0
August 74 72 +2
September 68 64 +4
Page 6 of 13
2016 Best Management Practice Plan: North Andovef-
Detections of West Nile (WNV) and Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEEV) viruses in infected
mosquitoes in Northeast Massachusetts Mosquito Control District from 2002
through 2015.
Number of pools* WNV EEEV
Submitted for Positive Pools Positive Pools
Year Testing No. Percentage No. Percentage
2002 740 14 1.9 0 0.0
2003 646 2 0.3 0 0.0
2004 604 4 0.7 0 0.0
2005 870 11 1.3 2 0.3
2006 1,181 5 0.4 11 0.9
2007 850 16 1.9 0 0.0
2008 774 10 1.3 0 0.0
2009 567 2 0.4 13 2.3
2010 714 21 2.9 0 0.0
2011 1,009 58 5.7 0 0.0
2012 1,039 48 4.6 14 1.3
2013 1,315 76 5.8 4 0.3
2014 804 7 0.9 2 0.2
2015 541 9 1.7 0 0.0
* "Pool or batch" is a sample containing from 1 to 50 mosquitoes, all of the same species collected on the same date
from the same location later tested by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
Page 7 of 13
2016 Best Manageinent Practice Plan:Nor•tli Andover
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NE MA Mosquito Control District Municipalities reporting
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Municipalities with WNV human cases
Municipalities not in the program
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Positive Virus Events in NE Massachusetts District-2015
7/27/2015 Cx.pipiens(1 pool)WNV-Winthrop, MA
8/24/2015 Cx.pipiens(1 pool)WNV-Winthrop, MA
8/31/2015 Cx. salinarius(2 pools), Cx.pipiens/restuans(2 pools)WNV-Winthrop, MA
9/10/2015 Cx. pipiens(1 pool)WNV-Methuen, MA
9/14/2015 Cx. pipiens(1 pool)WNV- Revere, MA
9/24/2015 Cx. pipiens(1 pool)WNV-Nahant, MA
9/29/2015 1 Human WNV case
-No Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) identified in NE District in 2015
Page 8 of 13
2016 Best Management Practice Plan: North Andover
North Andover
As overall mosquito populations decreased District-wide by 72% in 2015, they decreased in North Andover by
61%from 2014 levels. The season-long drought, as explained in the previous section, was a probable cause of
decline in these populations. The early-season treatments of catch basins with larviciding agents may also
have contributed to keep populations of the WNV vectors low.
Total Mosquito Collected in North Andover* 2014 2015 %change
NJ CO2 Trap (1) 265 21S -19%
Gravid Traps(2) 584 120 -79%
Totals 849 335 -61%
*See 2016 Vector Management Plan for trap information,Q=total#of traps
District Total-
Mosquito Species-pest/disease list-North Andover* 2014 2015 %change WNV/EEE+ 2015
Culiseta melanura(red maple swamp/acid bog) 1 0 -100% NO 552
Culex pipiens(container/catch basins) 337 76 -77% NO 1,860
Culex restuans(container/catch basins) 89 16 -82% NO 1,108
Culex solinarius(brackish water/phragmities/roadside ditches) 17 37 118% NO 1,823
Coquillitidia perturbans(cattail) 101 65 -36% NO 9,463
Aedes vexans(rainwater/fresh floodwater) 34 22 -35% NO 916
Ochlerotatus joponicus(tree hole/container breeder) 132 18 -86% NO 489
Ochlerotatus sollicitans(salt marsh) 0 0 0% NO 114
Ochlerotatus cantator(salt marsh) 27 9 -67% NO 3,007
Ochlerotatus canadensis(snowmelt/woodland pool) 0 1 100%** NO 325
**Using a relative fixed value to calculate%change when original#is 0
*Totals include all trap types in historical locations
There were no WNV/EEE detections in North Andover in 2015 and there was only 1 WNV infected mosquito
pool of Cx. pipiens collected from the nearby community of Methuen on 9/10/2015. In the beginning of
October, 2015, the arboviral risk level for North Andover remained low for EEE and low for WNV. Risk
Categories are described in Table 2 of the 2015 MDPH Surveillance and Response Plan.
Mosquito infection history(WNV/EEE) in North Andover:
Collection Date Species Test Type Result
8/27/2013 Culex pipiens WNV Positive
8/27/2013 Culex pipiens/restuans complex WNV Positive
9/17/2013 Culex pipiens/restuans complex WNV Positive
8/03/2011 Culex pipiens/restuans complex WNV Positive
8/17/2011 Culex pipiens/restuans complex WNV Positive
6/30/2010 Culex pipiens/restuans complex WNV Positive
7/07/2010 Culex pipiens/restuans complex WNV Positive
7/28/2010 Culex pipiens/restuans complex WNV Positive
Page 9 of 13
20/0 Best Management Pi-ac/ke Plait:/VorthAndover
8/02/2010 CulexpipiensIrestuan complex VVNV Positive
8/11/2010 Culex pipiensIrestuans complex VVNV Positive
8/11/2010 Culex pipienslrestuans complex VVNV Positive
8/18/2010 Culex pipienslrestuans complex VVNV Positive
8/18/2010 Culex pipienslrestuans complex VVNV Positive
8/25/2010 Culex pipienslrestuans complex VVNV Positive
8/25/2010 comp|ex VVNV Positive
9/01/2010 Culex pipiensIrestuans complex VVNV Positive
9/15/2010 Culex pipienslrestuans complex VVNV Positive
9/02/2009 Culiseta melanura VVNV Positive
9/03/2008 Culex pipiensAestuans complex VVNV Positive
With the extensive forested wetlands in nearby southeastern New Hampshire as the focus mfEEEvirus, history
OfVVNV, and no surveillance or control in the urban oonn[nUOity of Lawrence, there i6 concern of transmission
and human infection by both viruses in North Andover and all surrounding municipalities. From August
through the end of September, North Andover residents should take necessary precautions to reduce the risk
of infection from these viruses, regardless of low mosquito populations and/or aggressiveness of control.
Refer to the 2015 Massachusetts State Arbovirus (MDPH) Surveillance and Response Plan viewed online at
Focus of Operations
Regional control efforts will focus primarily on adult mosquito surveillance, virus testing and preemptive virus
intervention strategies. Specific to North Andover the primary focus of control efforts will be on freshwater �
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larviddinQ, catch basin treatments and virus intervention for VVNVand EEE. �
Regional Control Measures
Regional Adult Mosquito Surveillance Program: The importance of surveillance data in reducing the risk of
vector borne disease cannot be overstated. By focusing on areas of heightened viral activity, preemptive
control measures can be timely, efficient and effective. In 2002 we expanded and greatly improved our
surveillance program by developing and implemented on automated carbon dioxide /CO2\ surveillance
system.This system incorporates a CO2 modified light trap and gravid trap into one automated unit. CO2 traps
are used to sample the general adult mosquito population, monitor both short and long term trends, and
determine dominant species and population density.
Gravid traps are designed to collect adult female CuAexspedes the primary vectors ofVVNV. One of these dual
function units is placed in a fixed location in each member municipality for a total of 32 deployed throughout |
the District. Mosquitoes are collected and identified from each trap twice a week beginning in early May
thorough early October and beyond if conditions and circumstances warrant.
To supplement CuAex collections from fixed gravid trap locations,the District will deploy additional gravid traps
at multiple random locations in communities with a history ofVVNV activity as conditions and circumstances
Page 1nnf23
2016 Best Management Practice Plan:North Andover
warrant. In the event mosquitoes collected from these traps test positive for EEE or WNV the District will add
supplemental CO2 traps at those sites.
The District will operate 128 resting boxes at 16 sites. Resting boxes are designed to collect blood fed female
Culiseta melanura mosquitoes relevant to EEE transmission. The District began deployment of resting boxes in
2006 in response to the emergence of EEE in the Northeast and they have proven to be a valuable tool in early
intervention. Six to eight resting boxes will be placed at each fixed location and there will be two fixed
locations in communities bordering New Hampshire as well as other communities considered to be at risk.The
District will collect and identify samples from each trap every week and the specimens will be tested for virus.
In the event Cs. melanura mosquitoes collected from resting box sites test positive for EEEV the District will
deploy portable CO2 traps at those sites. Whereas Cs. melanura rarely bites humans they serve as an early
indication of the presence of EEE in the environment. CO2 traps attract human biting mosquitoes and
mosquitoes testing positive from CO2 traps indicate a heightened risk.
Virus Testing: Specimens from our trap collections will be sent to The Massachusetts Department of Public
Health (DPH) to be tested for the presence of encephalitis viruses.
Regional Vector/Virus Intervention: Control efforts will focus on early intervention strategies in municipalities
that have shown a greater risk to mosquito borne virus based on events of the previous seasons and
surveillance data as prescribed in the District's VMP. This approach is in the best interest of all member
municipalities as focused early intervention strategies seem to demonstrate containment of WNV, and may
reduce the risk of EEE exposure to humans and the migration of virus to other municipalities.
Regional Aerial Salt Marsh Larviciding Program: This is not included in the North Andover program. Coastal
salt marshes in neighboring communities from Ipswich to the New Hampshire border will be aerially larvicided
to control salt marsh mosquitoes in accordance with the respective Best Management Practice Plans. Salt
marsh mosquitoes are capable of flying up to 25 miles in search of a blood meal in order to lay eggs. Coastal
communities as well as many inland cities like North Andover an receive from the control of salt marsh
mosquitoes which, if left untreated, could impact these communities.
Control Measures Specific to North Andover
Ground Larviciding: Larviciding sites from the District's data base and areas requested by the Board of Health
will be checked and treated as necessary, not to exceed one day per week from April 1st to August 31st and
beyond if circumstances warrant and conditions allow.
Catch Basins: Catch Basin treatments will be scheduled with local DPWs so that the town's annual cleaning of
their basins does not jeopardize the treatment and effectiveness of the larvicide used to control mosquito
larvae in these basins. Catch basins, retention ponds, detention basins, etc. will be checked and treated as
necessary, not to exceed one day per week from May 1st to August 31st.
Manual Ditch Maintenance: In the course of larviciding and catch basin treatments, roadside ditches and
culverts will be manually cleared of manageable blockages and debris in order to reduce mosquito breeding
habitat and/or potential habitat.
Page 11 of 13
2016 Best Management Practice Plata: Noa•th Andover
Adulticiding: Science based selective adulticiding of specific areas, with approval from the Board of Health,
will be provided as follows: by request of residents of a given area, such as a neighborhood and for virus
intervention with recommendations from Northeast MA Mosquito Control of specific areas to be targeted, as
circumstances warrant and conditions allow. Applications to schools must be in compliance with MGL ch85.
Barrier Treatment: The District uses a system called Ultra Low Volume (ULV) for ground adulticiding
applications. ULV is designed to dispense very small amounts of pesticides over a large area. While this is a
cost effective means of reducing mosquito populations on a large scale, it only affects those mosquitoes
present at the time of the application and repeated applications are sometimes necessary to sustain the initial
reduction in the mosquito population in some areas.
To reduce the need for repeated applications and provide more sustained relief from mosquitoes in high
public use areas, the District will provide barrier treatments to public use areas such as schools (applications to
schools must be incompliance with MGL ch85), playgrounds, athletic fields, etc., at the request of the Board of
health and/or school departments.
Ditch Maintenance / Wetlands Management: The town may petition the District to undertake larger scale
ditch maintenance projects, wetlands enhancement and restoration projects requiring specialized mechanized
equipment and expertise. Petitioned sites will be evaluated and a site specific proposal will be written for
acceptable projects. Wetlands management projects may be beyond the scope of any municipality's
assessment and may require a separate and additional appropriation.
Tire Recycling Program: Tires have historically been discarded in any number of locations, on public and
private properties, in both upland and wetland environments. Once a pile is started it can quickly grow into a
substantial public health issue not only as a source of mosquito proliferation but also as a potential fire hazard
or worse, as a source of toxic fumes that, once ignited, can be extremely difficult to extinguish.
Discarded tires almost always hold water and are a prime location for artificial container breeding mosquito
species. Most notably Culex pipiens, Culex restuans and Ochlerotatus japonicus. Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans
are considered to be the key vector species of both encephalitis viruses in the District. Oc.japonicus is a new
species to Massachusetts since 2000, and is thought to have been imported into the United States in used
tires. Oc. japonicus has also shown to be a competent vector of West Nile virus. Other invasive mosquito
species capable of vector transmission are known to be transported in tires. Testing the water of discarded
tires will be added to the 2016 surveillance programs as a pilot and will be expanded
Inspectional Services: While the District is authorized under the provisions of Chapter 252, section 4 of the
General Laws of the Commonwealth to enter upon lands for the purpose of inspection, it is not a regulatory
agency. Nor is it our intention to impose on any resident or business, but rather to be a resource for
information and technology to help property owners prevent or abate mosquitoes to the mutual benefit of
the property owner and the community.
The District will act as a technical advisor as requested by the Board of Health and represent the
municipalities' public and animal health and human annoyance concerns relative to mosquito breeding,
Page 12 of 13
2016 Best Management Pioc/ice Plan:North Andover
potential breeding and proposed development. The District, at the request of the Board of Health will also
review site plans and inspect sites where storm water structures are planned or under construction. Upon
completion of an inspection, the District will make and submit written recommendations to both the Board of
Health and the property owner. District Field Technicians in the course of routine catch basin treatments and
|orv(oidin0 may inspect such facilities as time and circumstance a||ovva or as requested by the local Board of
Health.
Property Inspection: Socioeconomics often plays an important role in mosquito control and associated public
health risks. Over the last few years the District has received many requests from Boards of Health to inspect |
abandoned properties.
The District has long standing policy of property inspections at the request of Boards ofHealth. In the
course of our routine activities in North Andover, if we discover such properties, we will inspect and report
these properties to the Board of Health. We understand that addressing concerns related to such properties is
a matter of time and process. In the long term we will offer any support that may be appropriated to resolve
mosquito problems related to such properties and in the short term with the Board mf Health's support we
will implement the necessary control measures to mitigate the immediate mosquito problem associated with
such properties.
Mosquito Habitat Mitigation: The District will represent the town's mosquito control concerns in an advisory
capacity relative to proposed development and where prudent as requested by local health officials. |
�
Research and Development: The District will evaluate the efficacy and efficiency ofcurrent control methods,
investigate new methods, procedures and technologies in mosquito control and wetlands management and
evaluate their implications for use in North Andover.
/
Education and Outreach: The District will present educational displays and programs on mosquito control and
related wetlands management programs at the request ofhealth officials, schools nr civic organizations. The
District will also monitor and update local schools, daycares etc. regarding |PK4 plans and current child
protection requirements. District management is always available for public meetings and workshops
regarding mosquito activity.
Social Media: In the recent past, the District has recognized the need to provide information on our activities
in a timelier manner. Social media is proving to be the go to method of disseminating information for many
companies and individuals. This past season the District started a Faoeboukpage as way ofproviding up to
date information and opening up civil discussions on our operations, We chose to offer limited information to
start, but through the page, or goals is to let people know when and where we would be adulticiding.
The District is also looking at new website hosts in order to make our website more dynamic and also provide
more timely updates in another format. We have found that many questions can be answered through the
website and/or Facebook and will continue to increase our web presence.
https://wvvw.facebm*k.c*m/poges/Northeast-Massachuaetts-K4osquiLo-Con1no|-and-VVet|ands-Mana8ament-District
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