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210/030.0-0003-0000.0
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Residential Property Record Card
PARCEL_ID:210/030.0-0003-0000.0 MAP:030.0 BLOCK:0003 LOT:0000.0 PARCEL ADDRESS:11 SECOND STREET
PARCEL INFORMATION Use-Code: 104 Sale Price: 280,000 Book: 08038 Road Type: T Inspect Date: 09/23/2004
Owner: Tax Class: T Sale Date: 07/17/2003 Page: 0269 Rd Condition: P Meas Date: 09/23/2604
PAPADOPULOS,STERGIOS T Tot Fin Area: 1852 Sale Type: P Cert/Doc: Traffic: M Entrance: X
Address: Tot Land Area: 0.07 Sale Valid: Y Water: Collect Id: RB
11-13 SECOND STREET Grantor: KLAPPER, LENNY Sewer: Inspect Reas: S
NORTH ANDOVER MA 01845 Exempt-B/L% 0/0 Resid-B/L% 100/100 Comm-B/LOBO Indust-B/L% 0/0 Open Sp-B/L% 0/0
RESIDENCE INFORMATION LAND INFORMATION
Style: DX Tot Rooms: 7 Main Fn Area: 1159 Attic: NBHD CODE: 5 NBHD CLASS: 5 ZONE: GB
Story Height: 2 Bedrooms: 4 Up Fn Area: 693 Bsmt Area: 693 Seg Type Code Method Sq-Ft Acres lnflu-Y/N Value Class
Roof: G Full Baths: 2 Add Fn Area: Fn Bsmt Area: 1 P 104 S 3134 0.07 167,924
Ext Wall: AV Half Baths: 1 Unfin Area: Bsmt Grade: DETACHED STRUCTURE INFORMATION
Masonry Trim: Ext Bath Fix: Tot Fin Area: 1852 0
Foundation: ST Bath Qual: T RCNLD: 140261 Str Unit Msr-1 Msr-2 E-YR-Blt Grade Cond /oGood P/F/E/R Cost Class
Kitch Qual: T Eff Yr Built: 1962 Mkt Adj: SE S 64 1988 A A ///89 200
Heat Type: SH Ext Kitch: Year Built: 1900 Sound Value: VALUATION INFORMATION
Fuel Type: O Grade: A Cost Bldg: 140,300 Current Total: 308,400 Bldg: 140,500 Land: 167,900 MktLnd: 167,900 "
Fireplace: Bsmt Gar Cap: Condition: A Att Str Val1: Prior Total: 267,000 Bldg: 121,400 Land: 145,600 MktLnd: 145,600
Central AC: N Bsmt Gar SF: Pct Complete: Aft Str Va12:
Aft Gar SF: %Good P/F/E/R: /100//73
SKETCH PHOTO
33 6
F9 B/FM FM
340 Sq.R. 693 q.R. 126 5 q.Ft.
21 21 21
13
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11 -13 SECOND STREET
Parcel ID:210/030.0-0003-0000.0 as of 4/12/07 Page 1 of 1
North Andover Board of Assessors Public Access Page 1 of 1
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Tovttn of North Andc kveg
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Property
Record Card
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Parcel ID: 210/030.0-0003-0000.0 Community: North Andover
SKETCH PHOTO
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Sales
Summary
Residence �r
Detached Structure
Condo ,Z D� Elm
illE ,•_
Commercial Q/�yyL � /
Comparable Sales eT l �y 11-13 SECOND STREET
G a �
Location: 11 SECOND STREET
Owner Name: PAPADOPULOS,STERGIOS T
Owner Address: 11-13 SECOND STREET
City: NORTH ANDOVER State: MA ZIP: 01845
Neighborhood: 5-5 Land Area: 0.07 acres
Use Code: 104-TWO-FAM-RES Total Finished Area: 1852 sqft
ASSESSMENTS CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR
Total Value: 308,400 267,000
Building Value: 140,500 121,400
Land Value: 167,900 145,600
Market Land Value: 167,900
Chapter Land Value:
LATESTSALE
Sale Price:280,000 Sale Date:07/17/2003
Arms Length Sale Code:Y-YES-VALID Grantor:KLAPPER,LENNY
Cert Doc: • Book: 08038 Page: 0269
http://csc-ma.us/NandoverPubAcc/jsp/Home.jsp?Page=3&Linkld=984838 4/12/2007
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DelleChiaie, Pamela
From: DelleChiaie, Pamela
Sent: Monday, July 09, 2007 11:11 AM
To: Sawyer, Susan
Subject: 13 Second Street
Importance: High
Hi Susan,
Eva of 13 Second Street stopped by again re: mold. She wanted to speak with you or Michele. Please call her at
978.794.8574. 1 will leave her folder in your inbox.
Bag/Rvaad8,
Paaie104 D'00004 0lliai¢
Wi ny#nre only .mpoxxible until they arr a not"
Health Department Assistant
Town of North Andover
1600 Osgood Street
Building 20,Suite 2-36
North Andover,MA o1845
9978.688.9540-Phone
A 978.688.8476-Fax
http://www.townofnorthandover.com
healthdept@townofnorthandover.com
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EPA 402-K-02-003
This Guide provides
information and guidance
for homeowners and
renters on how to clean
up residential mold
problems and how to
prevent mold growth.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air and Radiation
Indoor Environments Division
7200 Pennsylvania Avenue
Mailcode: 66og]
Washington, DC 20460
www.epa.gov/iaq
i
A BRIEF GUIDE TO MOLD,
MOISTURE, AND YOUR HOME
Contents Page
Mold Basics
Why is mold growing in my home? 2
Can mold cause health problems? 2
How do I get rid of mold? 3
Mold Cleanup
Who should do the cleanup? 4
Mold Cleanup Guidelines 6
What to Wear When Cleaning Moldy Areas 8
How Do I Know When the Remediation
or Cleanup is Finished? 9
Moisture and Mold Prevention and Control Tips io
Actions that will help to reduce humidity ii
Actions that will help prevent condensation 12
Testing or sampling for mold 13
Hidden Mold 14
Cleanup and Biocides ,_. : 15
y
Additional Resources a, 16
e
i
MOLDBASICS
■ The key to mold control is moisture control.
■ If mold is a problem in your home, you should clean up
the mold promptly and fix the water problem.
■ It is important to dry water-damaged areas and items
within 24-48 hours to prevent mold growth.
Why is mold growing in my home? Molds are part of the
natural environment. Outdoors, molds play a
part in nature by breaking down dead organic
matter such as fallen leaves and dead trees, but
indoors, mold growth should be avoided. Molds
reproduce by means of tiny spores; the spores
t are invisible to the naked eye and float through
outdoor and indoor air. Mold may begin growing
Mold growing outdoors on
indoors when mold spores land on surfaces that
firewood. Molds come in are wet. There are many types of mold, and none
many colors;both white and
molds are shown here. of them will grow without water or moisture.
black
Can mold cause health problems? Molds are usually not a
problem indoors, unless mold spores land on a wet or
damp spot and begin growing. Molds have the potential to
cause health problems. Molds produce allergens
(substances that can cause allergic reactions), irritants, and
in some cases, potentially toxic substances (mycotoxins).
Inhaling or touching mold or mold spores may cause
allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Allergic responses
include hay fever-type symptoms, such as sneezing, runny
nose, red eyes, and skin rash (dermatitis). Allergic reactions
to mold are common. They can be immediate or delayed.
Molds can also cause asthma attacks in people with asthma
who are allergic to mold. In addition, mold exposure can
irritate the eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs of both mold-
2
allergic and non-allergic people. Symptoms other than
the allergic and irritant types are not commonly
reported as a result of inhaling mold.
Research on mold and health effects is ongoing. This
brochure provides a brief overview; it does not describe
all potential health effects related to mold exposure. For
more detailed information consult a health
professional. You may also wish to consult your state or
local health department.
How do 1 get rid of mold? It is impossible to get rid of
all mold and mold spores indoors; some mold spores
will be found floating through the air and in house dust.
The mold spores will not grow if moisture is not
present. Indoor mold growth can and should be
prevented or controlled by controlling moisture
indoors. If there is mold growth in your home, you
must clean up the mold and fix the water problem. If
you clean up the mold, but don't fix the water problem,
then, most likely, the mold problem will come back.
Molds can gradually
t destroy the things
' ► .
they grow on. You can
prevent damage to
j your home and j
furnishings, save
money, and avoid
j ? - potential health
* problems by
controlling moisture
da ,� and eliminating mold j
growth.
Magnified mold spores. I
3
Y
ILK[
If you already have a
mold problem —
ACT QUICKLY.
Mold damages what it
longer
rows on. The Ion
g g
' it grows, the more i
damage it can cause.
Leaky window—mold is beginning to
rot the wooden frame and windowsill. ------- ----_ _.
Who should do the cleanup?Who should do the cleanup
depends on a number of factors. One consideration is the
size of the mold problem. If the moldy area is less than
about io square feet (less than roughly hl a 3ft. by
ft. patch),
in most cases, you can handle the job yourself, following the
guidelines below. However:
■ If there has been a lot of water damage, and/or mold
growth covers more than io square feet, consult the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guide: Mold
Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings.
Although focused on schools and commercial
4
buildings, this document is applicable to other
building types. It is available free by calling the EPA
Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse at
(800) 438-4318, or on the Internet at:
www.epa.gov/iaq/molds/mold—remediation.htm1.
■ If you choose to hire a contractor (or other professional
service provider) to do the cleanup, make sure the
contractor has experience cleaning up mold. Check
references and ask the contractor to follow the
recommendations in EPA's Mold Remediation in Schools
and Commercial Buildings, the guidelines of the American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygenists
(ACGIH), or other guidelines from professional or
government organizations.
■ If you suspect that the heating/ventilation/air
conditioning (HVAC) system may be contaminated with
mold (it is part of an identified moisture problem, for
instance, or there is mold near the intake to the system),
consult EPA's guide Should You Have the Air Ducts in Your
Home Cleaned? before taking further action. Do not run
the HVAC system if you know or suspect that it is
contaminated with mold - it could spread mold
throughout the building. Visit www.epa.gov/iaq/pubs/
airduct.html, or call (8o0) 438-4318 for a free copy.
■ If the water and/or mold damage was caused by sewage
or other contaminated water, then call in
a professional who has experience cleaning and fixing
buildings damaged by contaminated water.
■ If you have health concerns, consult a health professional
before starting cleanup.
5
f
AR ' " A' p Places that
' ' ' ' ' are often or
always damp can be hard to maintain completely
free of mold.If there's some mold in the shower or
elsewhere in the bathroom that seems to reappear,
increasing the ventilation (running a fan or opening
a window) and cleaning more frequently will usually
prevent mold from recurring,or at least keep the
mold to a minimum.
L - —
Tips and techniques The tips and techniques presented in this
section will help you clean up your mold problem.
Professional cleaners or remediators may use
methods not covered in this publication. Please note
that mold may cause staining and cosmetic damage. It
may not be possible to clean an item so that its
original appearance is restored.
■
Fix plumbing leaks and other water problems as
soon as possible. Dry all items completely.
■ Scrub mold off hard surfaces with detergent and water,
and dry completely.
Mold
growing
on the
underside
of a plastic
lownchair •r
in an area k
where
rainwater
drips through
and deposits X
organic
material.
6
Mold growing +�
on a piece of 41
ceiling tile.
r a
f 10`
i fW p
A.
g
R T r
$e "
4
■ Absorbent or porous materials, such as ceiling tiles and
carpet, may have to be thrown away if they become
moldy. Mold can grow on or fill in the empty spaces and
crevices of porous materials, so the mold may be
difficult or impossible to remove completely.
■ Avoid exposing yourself or others to mold (see
discussions:What to Wear When Cleaning Moldy Areas
and Hidden Mold.)
■ Do not paint or caulk moldy surfaces. Clean up the
mold and dry the surfaces before painting. Paint applied
over moldy surfaces is likely to peel.
■ If you are unsure about how to clean an item, or if the
item is expensive or of sentimental value, you may wish
to consult a specialist. Specialists in furniture repair,
restoration, painting, art restoration and conservation,
carpet and rug cleaning, water damage, and fire or water
restoration are commonly listed in phone books. Be
sure to ask for and check references. Look for specialists
who are affiliated with professional organizations.
;1
r
naw
rn
It is important
to take
precautions to
9
LIMIT
YOUR
Mold growing on a suitcase stored in a EXPOSURE
humid basement.
to mold and
mold spores.
■ Avoid breathing in mold or mold spores. In order
to limit your exposure to airborne mold, you may want to
wear an N-95 respirator, available at many hardware
stores and from companies that advertise on the
Internet. (They cost about $12 to $25.) Some N-95
respirators resemble a paper dust mask with
a nozzle on the front, others are made primarily
of plastic or rubber and have removable cartridges that
trap most of the mold spores from entering.
In order to be effective, the respirator or mask
must fit properly, so carefully follow the instructions
supplied with the respirator. Please note that the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
requires that respirators fit properly (fit testing) when
used in an occupational setting; consult OSHA for more
information (800-321-OSHA or osha.gov/).
8
■Wear gloves. Long gloves that extend to the middle of
the forearm are recommended. When working with water
and a mild detergent, ordinary household rubber gloves
may be used. If you are using a disinfectant, a biocide
such as chlorine bleach, or a strong cleaning solution,
you should select gloves made from natural rubber,
neoprene, nitrile, polyurethane,or PVC (see Cleanup
and Biocides). Avoid
touching mold or moldy
items with your bare hands.
■ Wear goggles. Goggles rR
that do not have
ventilation holes are
recommended.
Avoid getting mold or
Cleaning while wearing N-gs
mold spores in your eyes. respirator, gloves, and goggles.
How do 1 know when the remediation or cleanup
s finished. You must have completely fixed the
Y
water or moisture problem before the cleanup or
remediation can be considered finished.
■ You should have completed mold removal. Visible mold
and moldy odors should not be present. Please note that
mold may cause staining and cosmetic damage.
■You should have revisited the site(s) shortly after
cleanup and it should show no signs of water damage
or mold growth.
■ People should have been able to occupy or re-occupy the
area without health complaints or physical symptoms.
■ Ultimately, this is a judgment call; there is no easy
answer. If you have concerns or questions call the
EPA Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse
at (800) 438-43i8.
9
V
's
Control is the Key to
t
a9d Control
w
■When water leaks or spills occur
indoors-ACT QUICKLY.
If wet or damp materials or areas
w
F a: are dried
-48 hours after a leak
or spill happens, in most cases
mold will not grow.
Mold growing
on the surface N Clean and repair roof gutters regularly.
of a unit
ventilator. 0 Make sure the ground slopes away from the building
foundation, so that water does not enter or collect
around the foundation.
■ Keep air conditioning drip pans clean and the drain
lines unobstructed and flowing properly.
10
■ Keep indoor humidity low. If
possible, keep indoor
humidity below 6o percent
(ideally between 3o and 50
percent) relative humidity.
Relative humidity can be
measured with a moisture or
humidity meter, a small,
Condensation on the inside of a inexpensive ($10-$50)
windowpane. instrument available at many
hardware stores.
■ If you see condensation or moisture collecting on
windows, walls or pipes -ACT QUICKLY to dry the
wet surface and reduce the moisture/water source.
Condensation can be a sign of high humidity.
Actions that will help to reduce humidity:
• Vent appliances that produce moisture, such as
clothes dryers, stoves, and kerosene heaters to the
outside where possible. (Combustion appliances
such as stoves and kerosene heaters produce water
vapor and will increase the humidity unless vented
to the outside.)
♦ Use air conditioners and/or de-humidifiers
when needed.
• Run the bathroom fan or open the window when
showering. Use exhaust fans or open windows
whenever cooking, running the dishwasher or
dishwashing, etc.
Actions that will help prevent condensation:
♦ Reduce the humidity (see preceeding page).
♦ Increase ventilation or air movement by opening doors
and/or windows, when practical. Use fans as needed.
♦ Cover cold surfaces, such as cold water pipes, with
insulation.
4 Increase air temperature.
Mold t,
M
growing ,� •�,.;
on a
wooden
headboard
in a room .
with high v
r 5 s
humidity. ,
a
i c�r3
w'4
f
�r
12
Renters: Report all plumbing leaks and moisture problems
immediately to your building owner, manager, or
superintendent.
local,problems are not addressed, you may want to contact
or federal or
housingauthorities.
�a
9
s.
Testing or sampling for
mold Is sampling for mold
n needed? In most cases, if visible
mold growth is present, sampling
is unnecessary. Since no EPA or
other federal limits have been set
for mold or mold spores, sampling
cannot be used to check a
Rust is an indicator that condensation building's compliance with federal
occurs on this drainpipe. The pipe should
be insulated to prevent condensation. mold standards. Surface sampling
may be useful to determine if an
area has been adequately cleaned or remediated. Sampling
for mold should be conducted by professionals who have
specific experience in designing mold sampling protocols,
sampling methods, and interpreting results. Sample
analysis should follow analytical methods recommended by
the American Industrial Hygiene Association (Al HA), the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH), or other professional organizations.
13
1 1
Moldgrowing
on the back
side of
wallpaper.
Suspicion of hidden mold You may suspect hidden mold if a
building smells moldy, but you cannot see the source,
or if you know there has been water damage and residents
are reporting health problems. Mold may be hidden in
places such as the back side of dry wall, wallpaper, or
paneling, the top side of ceiling tiles, the underside of
carpets and pads, etc. Other possible locations of
hidden mold include areas inside walls around pipes
(with leaking or condensing pipes), the surface of walls
behind furniture (where condensation forms), inside
ductwork, and in roof materials above ceiling tiles (due
to roof leaks or insufficient insulation).
Investigating hidden mold problems Investigating hidden mold
problems may be difficult and will require caution when the
investigation involves disturbing potential sites of mold
growth. For example, removal of wallpaper can lead to a
massive release of spores if there is mold growing on the
underside of the paper. If you believe that you may have a
hidden mold problem, consider hiring an experienced
professional.
14
Cleanup and BiotideS Biocides are substances that can destroy living
organisms. The use of a chemical or biocide that kills
organisms such as mold (chlorine bleach, for example) is
not recommended as a routine practice during mold
cleanup. There may be instances, however, when
professional judgment may indicate its use (for example,
when immune-compromised individuals are present). In
most cases, it is not possible or desirable to sterilize an
area; a background level of mold spores will remain -these
spores will not grow if the moisture problem has been
resolved. If you choose to use disinfectants or biocides,
always ventilate the area and exhaust the air to the
outdoors. Never mix chlorine bleach solution with other
cleaning solutions or detergents that contain ammonia
because toxic fumes could be produced.
Please note: Dead mold may still cause allergic reactions in some
people, so it is not enough to simply kill the mold, it must
also be removed.
Water stain
on a basement
wall— locate
andfix the � T! �
source of the
water promptly.
15
i
ADDmoNALR RC
For more information on mold related issues including
mold cleanup and moisture control/condensation/humidity
issues, you can call the EPA Indoor Air Quality Information
Clearinghouse at
(800) 438-4319-
Or visit:
www.epa.gov/iaq/molds
y
L_
Mold growing on fallen leaves.
This document is available on the Environmental Protection Agency, Indoor
Environments Division website at: www.epa.gov/iaq/molds/moldguide.html
16
Dealing with MOLD Page 1 of 1
The Official Website of the Executive Office of Public Safety(EOPS)
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Dealing with MOLD Public Safety
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If a home has water damage from the flooding,mold could develop in as short of a time as 24 to 48
hours of water exposure and may continue to grow until steps are taken to thoroughly dry out the
premises and eliminate the source of moisture.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC)says that mold can be recognized by wall and ceiling discoloration,and a musty,earthy odor.
Although mold is a naturally existing substance,it can be harmful to humans.When airborne mold
spores are present in large quantities,they can cause allergic reactions,asthma episodes,
infections,and other respiratory problems.Continued exposure to mold may result in nasal or
sinus congestion,eye,nose,or throat irritations,and adverse effects to the nervous system.
Individuals who are at the greatest risk are infants and children,the elderly,those with immune-
compromised related diseases,pregnant women,and those with existing respiratory conditions.
Anyone failing into these categories should consult a physician if they are experiencing health
problems.Follow these five steps to dry your home and combat health problems associated with
mold:
• If the humidity outside is lower than indoors,open up the house,and if the weather permits,open
all the doors and windows to exchange the moist indoor air for drier outdoor air.If you have a
thermometer with a humidity gauge,you can monitor the indoor and outdoor humidity.On the
other hand,when temperatures drop at night,an open home is warmer and will draw moisture
indoors.At night and other times when the humidity is higher outdoors,close up the house.
• Open closet and cabinet doors to remove drawers to allow air circulation.Drawers may stick
because of swelling.Do not try to force them.Speed up the drying process by opening the back of
the cabinet to let the air circulate.You will probably be able to remove the drawers as the cabinet
dries out.
• Using fans can help move the air and dry out the home.They will blow out dirty air that might
contain contaminants from sediment in the ductwork.Be sure to clean or hose out any ducts.Do
not use central air conditioning or the furnace blower if the ducts were under water.
• Running dehumidifiers and window air conditioners will reduce the moisture,especially in closed
up areas.
• Use desiccants(materials that absorb moisture)such as silica gel,which are very useful in drying
closets or other enclosed areas where air cannot move through.These types of materials may be
purchased at hardware stores or home and garden stores.
If mold becomes an issue in your household,here are some of the ways to clean it out:
• Most household cleaners will be good enough to cleanse walls and wood furniture.
• Be aware that wallpaper paste can harbor mold,and therefore wall coverings may have to be
removed and replaced.
• After cleaning a room or item,go over it again with a disinfectant to kill the germs and odors left by
the floodwaters.
• Be careful of fumes;wear rubber gloves and a dust mask.Read any safety instructions in order to
properly handle cleaning materials.
Drying your home could take several weeks.While it may seem that your house is safe from mold,
your health may still be at risk because of the lingering effects of mold.When water damage infiltrates
a structure,the long lasting effects can be detrimental to the composition of the building.If you believe
that your health has been affected by exposure to mold,you should contact your physician and have
your house checked.
O 2007 Commonwealth of Massachusetts Site Policies Contact Us Site Map
http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=eopsmodulechunk&L=3&LO=Home&L 1=Public+Safety+.,. 4/12/2007
Are there Federal regulations or standards regarding mold'! rage i or i
Answer ID Are there Federal regulations or standards regarding mold?
3037
Question
Last Updated
03/29/2007 07:42 AM Are there Federal regulations or standards regarding mold?
Answer
Standards or Threshold Limit Values(TLVs)for airborne concentrations of mold, or mold
spores, have not been set. Currently, there are no EPA regulations or standards for
airborne mold contaminants.
For more information on mold, see our website at www.epa.gov/mold
Read the publication, "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home"at
www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.html [EPA 402-K-02-0031
Una Breve Gula para el Moho, la Humedad y su Hogar est6 disponible en el formato
PDF www.epa.gov/mold/pdfs/moldguide_sp.pdf Documento de la agencia EPA numero
402-K-03-008.
Read the publication "Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings at
www.epa.gov/mold/mold_remediation.htmi [EPA 402-K-01-001, March 20011
Mold Resources are available at www.epa.gov/mold/moldresources.html
http://iaq.custhelp.com/cgi-bin/iaq.cfg/php/enduser/pmt_adp.php?p_fagid=303 7&p_create... 4/12/2007
Mold Resources Mold I Indoor Air Quality I Air I US EPA Page 1 of 10
sT-ID STA http://www.epa.gov/mold/moIdresources.htmI
•� s
Mold Last updated on Tuesday, March 20th, 2007.
Q�
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You are here: EPA Home Air Indoor Air Quality Mold Mold Resources
Mold Resources
Contents Mold Publications
The publication, "A Brief Guide to
• Introduction_to_Molds Mold, Moisture, and Your Home", is
available in HTML and PDF (PDF, 20 pp,
• Basic Mold Cleanup27aK6 About PDF) [EPA 402-K-02-003]
• Ten Things You Should Know About Mold
• Asthma and Mold
• Floods Flooding Una Breve Gula para el Moho, la
• Health and Mold Humedad y su Hogar esta disponible
• Homes and Mold en el formato PDF (PDF, 20 pp, 796KB
• Indoor Air Regulations and Mold About PDF). [Documento de la agencia
• Large Buildings and Mold EPA numero 402-K-03-008]
• Schools and Mold and Indoor Air_Quality
• How to Order Publications
• IA INFO Hotline The publication, "Mold Remediation
in Schools and Commercial
DISCLAIMER: The documents on this server contain Buildings", is available in HTML andPDF (PDF, 54 pp, 5MB About PDF) [EPA
hypertext pointers ( xiT 6isclainer
) to information 402-K-01-001, March 2001]
created and maintained by other public and private
organizations. Please be aware that we do not control
or guarantee the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or Order publications from EPA's NSCEP.
completeness of this outside information. Further, the Use the EPA Document Number when
inclusion of pointers to particular items in hypertext is I ordering.
not intended to reflect their importance, nor is it
intended to endorse any views expressed or products or services offered by the author of the
reference or the organization operating the server on which the reference is maintained.
Introduction to Molds
Molds produce tiny spores to reproduce. Mold spores waft through the indoor and
outdoor air continually. When mold spores land on a damp spot indoors, they
may begin growing and digesting whatever they are growing on in order to
survive. There are molds that can grow on wood, paper, carpet, and foods.
When excessive moisture or water accumulates indoors, mold growth will often
occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or un-
addressed. There is no practical way to eliminate all mold and mold spores in the
indoor environment; the way to control indoor mold growth is to control
moisture.
• See also: An Introduction to Molds at wwW.epzt.gov/mold/aDDend b.html
Basic Mold Cleanup
The key to mold control is moisture control. It is important to dry water
damaged areas and items within 24-48 hours to prevent mold growth. If mold is
a problem in your home, clean up the mold and get rid of the excess water or
moisture. Fix leaky plumbing or other sources of water. Wash mold off hard
surfaces with detergent and water, and dry completely. Absorbent materials
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(such as ceiling tiles & carpet) that become moldy may have to be replaced.
Ten Things You Should Know About Mold
1. Potential health effects and symptoms associated with mold exposures include allergic
reactions, asthma, and other respiratory complaints.
2. There is no practical way to eliminate all mold and mold spores in the indoor
environment; the way to control indoor mold growth is to control moisture.
3. If mold is a problem in your home or school, you must clean up the mold and
eliminate sources of moisture.
4. Fix the source of the water problem or leak to prevent mold growth.
5. Reduce indoor humidity (to 30-60% ) to decrease mold growth by: venting
bathrooms, dryers, and other moisture-generating sources to the outside; using air
conditioners and de-humidifiers; increasing ventilation; and using exhaust fans
whenever cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning.
6. Clean and dry any damp or wet building materials and furnishings within 24-48 hours
to prevent mold growth.
7. Clean mold off hard surfaces with water and detergent, and dry completely.
Absorbent materials such as ceiling tiles, that are moldy, may need to be replaced.
8. Prevent condensation: Reduce the potential for condensation on cold surfaces (i.e.,
windows, piping, exterior walls, roof, or floors) by adding insulation.
9. In areas where there is a perpetual moisture problem, do not install carpeting (i.e.,
by drinking fountains, by classroom sinks, or on concrete floors with leaks or frequent
condensation).
10. Molds can be found almost anywhere; they can grow on virtually any substance,
providing moisture is present. There are molds that can grow on wood, paper, carpet,
and foods.
If you have IAQ and mold issues in your school, you should get a copy of the IDC
Tools for Schools Action Kit. Mold is covered in the IAQ Reference Guide under
Appendix H_- Mold and Moisture.
Asthma and Mold
Molds can trigger asthma episodes in sensitive individuals with asthma. People
with asthma should avoid contact with or exposure to molds.
EPA's Asthma web site
EPA's Asthma Brochure (PDF, 2 pp, 245KB About PDF)
EPA's Mol_a pare from Asthma web site
Additional Resources:
• Allergy &Asthma Network/Mothers of Asthmatics (AAN/MA): (800) 878-
4403; www.aanma.o g EXIT Qi.ciain;el
• American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI):
www.aaaai.oX -ExaT Disclai•nierj
• American Lung Association: 1-800-LUNG-USA (1-800-586-4872);
www.lunn usa,o �x1T DisclaRsrieil
• Asthma &Allergy Foundation of America: (800) 7ASTHMA; www.aafa.ora
EK1T Discf�iniQ.r�
• Canada Mortgage & Housing Corporation fact sheets on mold -
www.cmhc_schl-ac.ca/en/buremalg-eseinabhos�abhose 50.cfm
E:+.IT DiSC1,4im9i;
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: www.niaid.nih.gov
EXIT Disclalmei
• National Jewish Medical and Research Center: (800) 222-LUNG (5864);
www.njc.org EXIT aisciaEm,el
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Floods/Flooding
Mold growth may be a problem after flooding. EPA's Fact Sheet: Flood Cleanup:
Avoiding Indoor Air Quality Problems - discusses steps to take when cleaning and
repairing a home after flooding. Excess moisture in the home is cause for
concern about indoor air quality primarily because it provides breeding conditions
for microorganisms. This fact sheet provides tips to avoid creating indoor air
quality problems during cleanup. U.S. EPA, EPA Document Number 402-F-93-
005, August 1993.
Additional Resources:
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA): (800) 480-2520;
www.fema.gov EXAT.Disclarper; mitigation website: www.fema.gov/mit
EXIT❑iSrlatmei l publications on floods, flood proofing, etc.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Emergency Preparedness and
Response page on "Protect Yourself from Mold" -
www.bt.cdc.gov/disasters/mold/protect.asp 'E+t1T Disc6inj-d and Key Facts
About Hurricane Recovery - www.bt.cdc.gov/hurricanes/index.asp
E:�9T_gisclainlefl
• University of Minnesota, Department of Environmental Health & Safety -
www.dehs.umn.edu iagLlood.html iEkIT Disclainieij °Managing Water
Infiltration Into Buildings." A Systematized Approach for Remediating
Water Problems in Buildings due to Floods, Roof Leaks, Potable Water
Leaks, Sewage Backup, Steam Leaks and Groundwater Infiltration.
Questions and comments may be directed to: Neil Carlson, M.S., CIH,
Department of Environmental Health & Safety, University of Minnesota, or
Arif Quraishi, M.E., Vice President, Special Projects, Indoor Environments
Division, Institute for Environmental Assessment, Inc.
Health and Mold
How do molds affect people?
Some people are sensitive to molds. For these people, exposure to molds can
cause symptoms such as nasal stuffiness, eye irritation, wheezing, or skin
irritation. Some people, such as those with serious allergies to molds, may have
more severe reactions. Severe reactions may occur among workers exposed to
large amounts of molds in occupational settings, such as farmers working around
moldy hay. Severe reactions may include fever and shortness of breath. Some
people with chronic lung illnesses, such as obstructive lung disease, may develop
mold infections in their lungs.
EPA's publication, Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health Professionals, assists health
professionals (especially the primary care physician) in diagnosis of patient symptoms that
could be related to an indoor air pollution problem. It addresses the health problems that
may be caused by contaminants encountered daily in the home and office. Organized
according to pollutant or pollutant groups such as environmental tobacco smoke, VOCs,
biological pollutants, and sick building syndrome, this booklet lists key signs and symptoms
from exposure to these pollutants, provides a diagnostic checklist and quick reference
summary, and includes suggestions for remedial action. Also includes references for
information contained in each section. This booklet was developed by the American Lung
Association, the American Medical Association, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission, and the EPA. EPA Document Reference Number 402-R-94-007, 1994.
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Allergic Reactions - excerpted from Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health
Professionals section on: Animal Dander, Molds, Dust Mites, Other Biologicals.
"A major concern associated with exposure to biological pollutants is allergic
reactions, which range from rhinitis, nasal congestion, conjunctival inflammation,
and urticaria to asthma. Notable triggers for these diseases are allergens derived
from house dust mites; other arthropods, including cockroaches; pets (cats,
dogs, birds, rodents); molds; and protein-containing furnishings, including
feathers, kapok, etc. In occupational settings, more unusual allergens (e.g.,
bacterial enzymes, algae) have caused asthma epidemics. Probably most proteins
of non-human origin can cause asthma in a subset of any appropriately exposed
population."
Damp Buildings and Health
For information on damp buildings and health effects, see the 2004 Institute of
Medicine Report, Damp Indoor Spaces and Health, published by The National
Academies Press in Washington, DC. You can read a description of the report
and purchase a copy at htt fermatnap.edu/catalo 11011.html EX!T oisc�ain,e
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC's) National Center for
Environmental Health NCEH Exit aisdzrn-lei] has a toll-free telephone number for information
and FAXs, including a list of publications: NCEH Health Line 1-888-232-6789.
• CDC's "Molds in the Environment" Factsheet - www.cdc.gov/mold/fags.htm
E:CIT Gr�ScPainie�]
• Stachybotrys or Stachybotrys atra (chartarum) and health effects -
www.cdc ov/mold/stachy.htm !EXlT Disclaemer]
Homes and Molds
The EPA publication, "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home", is
available here in HTML and PDF formats in English (PDF, 20 pp, 257KB About PDF)
and Spanish (PDF, 20 pp, 796KB About PDF). This Guide provides information and
guidance for homeowners and renters on how to clean up residential mold
problems and how to prevent mold growth.
Biological Pollutants in Your Home - This document explains indoor biological
pollution, health effects of biological pollutants, and how to control their growth
and buildup. One third to one half of all structures have damp conditions that
may encourage development of pollutants such as molds and bacteria, which can
cause allergic reactions -- including asthma -- and spread infectious diseases.
Describes corrective measures for achieving moisture control and cleanliness.
This brochure was prepared by the American Lung Association and the U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission. The publication was updated by CPSC in
1997 www.cpsc.golcpscpu�ubs/425.html E->rrT o seFa«,ipl]
Moisture control is the key to mold control, the Moisture Control Section from
Biological Pollutants in Your Home follows:
Moisture Control
Water in your home can come from many sources. Water can enter your home by
leaking or by seeping through basement floors. Showers or even cooking can add
moisture to the air in your home. The amount of moisture that the air in your
home can hold depends on the temperature of the air. As the temperature goes
down, the air is able to hold less moisture. This is why, in cold weather, moisture
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condenses on cold surfaces (for example, drops of water form on the inside of a
window). This moisture can encourage biological pollutants to grow.
There are many ways to control moisture in your home:
• Fix leaks and seepage. If water is entering the house from the outside,
your options range from simple landscaping to extensive excavation and
waterproofing. (The ground should slope away from the house.) Water in
the basement can result from the lack of gutters or a water flow toward
the house. Water leaks in pipes or around tubs and sinks can provide a
place for biological pollutants to grow.
• Put a plastic cover over dirt in crawlspaces to prevent moisture from
coming in from the ground. Be sure crawlspaces are well-ventilated.
• Use exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens to remove moisture to the
outside (not into the attic). Vent your clothes dryer to the outside.
• Turn off certain appliances (such as humidifiers or kerosene heaters) if
you notice moisture on windows and other surfaces.
• Use dehumidifiers and air conditioners, especially in hot, humid climates,
to reduce moisture in the air, but be sure that the appliances themselves
don't become sources of biological pollutants.
• Raise the temperature of cold surfaces where moisture condenses. Use
insulation or storm windows. (A storm window installed on the inside
works better than one installed on the outside.) Open doors between
rooms (especially doors to closets which may be colder than the rooms)
to increase circulation. Circulation carries heat to the cold surfaces.
Increase air circulation by using fans and by moving furniture from wall
corners to promote air and heat circulation. Be sure that your house has a
source of fresh air and can expel excessive moisture from the home.
• Pay special attention to carpet on concrete floors. Carpet can absorb
moisture and serve as a place for biological pollutants to grow. Use area
rugs which can be taken up and washed often. In certain climates, if
carpet is to be installed over a concrete floor, it may be necessary to use
a vapor barrier (plastic sheeting) over the concrete and cover that with
sub-flooring (insulation covered with plywood) to prevent a moisture
problem.
• Moisture problems and their solutions differ from one climate to another.
The Northeast is cold and wet; the Southwest is hot and dry; the South is
hot and wet; and the Western Mountain states are cold and dry. All of
these regions can have moisture problems. For example, evaporative
coolers used in the Southwest can encourage the growth of biological
pollutants. In other hot regions, the use of air conditioners which cool the
air too quickly may prevent the air conditioners from running long enough
to remove excess moisture from the air. The types of construction and
weatherization for the different climates can lead to different problems
and solutions.
Moisture On Windows
Your humidistat is set too high if excessive moisture collects on windows and
other cold surfaces. Excess humidity for a prolonged time can damage walls
especially when outdoor air temperatures are very low. Excess moisture
condenses on window glass because the glass is cold. Other sources of excess
moisture besides overuse of a humidifier may be long showers, running water for
other uses boiling or steaming in cooking, plants and drying clothes es indoors. A
tight, energy efficient house holds more moisture inside; you may need to run a
kitchen or bath ventilating fan sometimes, or open a window briefly. Storm
windows and caulking around windows keep the interior glass warmer and reduce
condensation of moisture there.
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Humidifiers are not recommended for use in buildings without proper vapor
barriers because of potential damage from moisture buildup. Consult a building
contractor to determine the adequacy of the vapor barrier in your house. Use a
humidity indicator to measure the relative humidity in your house. The American
Society of Heating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) recommends these
maximum indoor humidity levels.
Outdoor Recommended Indoor Temperature Relative Humidity
+20° F. 35%
+10° F. 30%
0° F. 25%
-10° F. 20%
-20° F. 115%
Source: Anne Field, Extension Specialist, Emeritus, with reference
from the Association for Home Appliance Manufacturers
(www.aham.org:E�iT D.isctarmer�J.
How to Identify the Cause of a Mold and Mildew Problem
Mold and mildew are commonly mmonl found on the exterior wall surfaces of
corner rooms in heating climate locations. An exposed corner room is
likely to be significantly colder than adjoining rooms, so that it has a
higher relative humidity (RH) than other rooms at the same water
vapor pressure. If mold and mildew growth are found in a corner
room, then relative humidity next to the room surfaces is above
70%. However, is the RH above 70% at the surfaces because the
room is too cold or because there is too much moisture present (high
water vapor pressure)?
r in the room can be estimated b measuring
The amount of moisture y g
both temperature and RH at the same location and at the same time.
Suppose there are two cases. In the first case, assume that the RH
is 30% and the temperature is 70°F in the middle of the room. The
low RH at that temperature indicates that the water vapor pressure
(or absolute humidity) is low. The high surface RH is probably due to
room surfaces that are "too cold." Temperature is the dominating
factor, and control strategies should involve increasing the
temperature at cold room surfaces.
In the second case, assume that the RH is 50% and the temperature
is 70°F in the middle of the room. The higher RH at that temperature
indicates that the water vapor pressure is high and there is a
relatively large amount of moisture in the air. The high surface RH is
probably due to air that is "too moist." Humidity is the dominating
factor, and control strategies should involve decreasing the moisture
content of the indoor air.
Should._You Have the Air Ducts in Your Home Cleaned? - excerpt on duct
cleaning and mold follows, please review the entire document for additional
information on duct cleaning and mold.
You should consider having the air ducts in your home cleaned if:
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There is substantial visible mold growth inside hard surface (e.g., sheet metal)
ducts or on other components of your heating and cooling system. There are
several important points to understand concerning mold detection in heating and
cooling systems:
• Many sections of your heating and cooling system may not be accessible
for a visible inspection, so ask the service provider to show you any mold
they say exists.
• You should be aware that although a substance may look like mold, a
positive determination of whether it is mold or not can be made only by
an expert and may require laboratory analysis for final confirmation. For
about $50, some microbiology laboratories can tell you whether a sample
sent to them on a clear strip of sticky household tape is mold or simply a
substance that resembles it.
• If you have insulated air ducts and the insulation gets wet or moldy it
cannot be effectively cleaned and should be removed and replaced.
• If the conditions causing the mold growth in the first place are not
corrected, mold growth will recur.
Indoor Air Regulations and Mold
Standards or Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for airborne concentrations of mold,
or mold spores, have not been set. Currently, there are no EPA regulations or
standards for airborne mold contaminants.
Large Buildings and Mold
EPA has a number of resources available, you can start with the Indoor Air
Quality Building Evaluation and Assessment Model (I-BEAM). I-BEAM updates
and expands EPA's existing Building Air Quality guidance and is designed to be
P 9 9 Q Y9 9
comprehensive state-of-the-art guidance for managing IAQ in commercial
buildings. This guidance was designed to be used by building professionals and
others interested in indoor air quality in commercial buildings. I-BEAM contains
text, animation/visual, and interactive/calculation components that can be used
to perform a number of diverse tasks. See www.epa,_g_ov/iaq/largebldgs/i-
beam/index.html
See also "Building AirQuality: A Guide for Building Owners and-17p cility
Managers".
Excerpt from the Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility
Managers, Appendix C - Moisture, Mold and Mildew:
How to Identify the Cause of a Mold and Mildew Problem.
Mold and mildew are commonly found on the exterior wall surfaces of
corner rooms in heating climate locations. An exposed corner room is
likely to be significantly colder than adjoining rooms, so that it has a
higher relative humidity (RH) than other rooms at the same water
vapor pressure. If mold and mildew growth are found in a corner
room, then relative humidity next to the room surfaces is above
70%. However, is the RH above 70% at the surfaces because the
room is too cold or because there is too much moisture present (high
water vapor pressure)?
The amount of moisture in the room can be estimated by measuring
both temperature and RH at the same location and at the same time.
Suppose there are two cases. In the first case, assume that the RH
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is 30% and the temperature is 70°F in the middle of the room. The
low RH at that temperature indicates that the water vapor pressure
(or absolute humidity) is low. The high surface RH is probably due to
room surfaces that are "too cold." Temperature is the dominating
factor, and control strategies should involve increasing the
temperature at cold room surfaces.
In the second case, assume that the RH is 50% and the temperature
is 70°F in the middle of the room. The higher RH at that temperature
indicates that the water vapor pressure is high and there is a
relatively large amount of moisture in the air. The high surface RH is
probably due to air that is too moist. Humidity is the dominating
factor, and control strategies should involve decreasing the moisture
content of the indoor air.
Schools and Mold and Indoor Air Quality
The Agency's premier resource on this issue is the Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools kit.
Our schools-related resources on the web start at: epa.gov/iagLschools.
The asthma companion piece for the IAQ Tools for Schools Action kit, is Managing Asthma in
the School Environment - epa.gov/iaq/schooIs/managingasthma.htm1. This publication has a
section entitled Clean Up Mold and Moisture Control: An excerpt follows:
Common Moisture Sources Found in Schools
Moisture problems in school buildings can be caused by a variety of conditions,
including roof and plumbing leaks, condensation, and excess humidity. Some
moisture problems in schools have been linked to changes in building
construction practices during the past twenty to thirty years. These changes have
resulted in more tightly sealed buildings that may not allow moisture to escape
easily. Moisture problems in schools are also associated with delayed
maintenance or insufficient maintenance, due to budget and other constraints.
Temporary structures in schools, such as trailers and portable classrooms, have
frequently been associated with moisture and mold problems.
Suggestions for Reducing Mold Growth in Schools
Reduce Indoor Humidity
• Vent showers and other moisture-generating sources to the outside.
• Control humidity levels and dampness by using air conditioners and de-
humidifiers.
• Provide adequate ventilation to maintain indoor humidity levels between
30-60%.
• Use exhaust fans whenever cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning in food
service areas.
Inspect the building for signs of mold, moisture, leaks, or spills
• Check for moldy odors.
• Look for water stains or discoloration on the ceiling, walls, floors, and
window sills.
• Look around and under sinks for standing water, water stains, or mold.
• Inspect bathrooms for standing water, water stains, or mold.
• Do not let water stand in air conditioning or refrigerator drip pans.
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Respond promptly when you see signs of moisture and/or mold, or when
leaks or spills occur
• Clean and dry any damp or wet building materials and furnishings within
24-48 hours of occurrence to prevent mold growth.
• Fix the source of the water problem or leak to prevent mold growth.
• Clean mold off hard surfaces with water and detergent, and dry
completely.
• Absorbent materials such as ceiling tiles, that are moldy, may need to be
replaced.
• Check the mechanical room and roof for unsanitary conditions, leaks, or
spills.
Prevent moisture condensation
• Reduce the potential for condensation on cold surfaces (i.e., windows,
piping, exterior walls, roof, or floors) by adding insulation.
Floor and carpet cleaning
• Remove spots and stains immediately, using the flooring manufacturer's
recommended techniques.
• Use care to prevent excess moisture or cleaning residue accumulation and
ensure that cleaned areas are dried quickly.
• In areas where there is a perpetual moisture problem, do not install
carpeting (i.e., by drinking fountains, by classroom sinks, or on concrete
floors with leaks or frequent condensation).
How to Order Publications
You can order Indoor Air Quality publications from EPA's National Service Center for
Environmental Publications (NSCEP):
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
National Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP)
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 42419
www.epaa_gov/ncep-hom
A Toll-free phone service with live customer service representative assistance at
NSCEP and is available Monday through Friday from 9:00am-5:30pm eastern
time. Voice Mail is available after operating hours. Call 1-800-490-9198. You
can fax your requests to (301) 604-3408. E-mail is also available:
nscep@bps-Imit.com
Please use the EPA Document Number, which is usually bolded or highlighted, when ordering
from NSCEP.
How Do I Order Other EPA Publications? Click Here
IAQ Hotline
IAQ INFO is an easily accessible, central source of information on indoor air
quality, created and supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
As concern about air pollution indoors has grown, so has the amount of
(EPA).
information on this subject but getting current, useful information can be a
challenging task. The purpose of IAQ INFO is to help you locate information to
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answer your questions about indoor air pollution.
IAQ INFO
P.O. Box 37133
Washington, DC 20013-7133
Consumers may call the toll-free number 1-800-438-4318 (local number in the
Washington DC Area - (703) 356-5386) to speak to an information specialist,
Monday through Friday, 9:00am to 5:00pm eastern time. After hours, consumers
may leave a voice message, or you may make inquiries by fax (703) 356-5386
or via e-mail: iaginfo(a aol.com
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