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HomeMy WebLinkAboutINDIAN LAND TITLES , - �, I I � , , , �o .\ �,4v, f�, I I / j I.1 *'�� ) , �:, , 1 , , , . , I I .4. � �� , . I I 1. . , , . / � . .I I . I . I . . .., I. I I , I . '. -A r I e r`' , �. V i11 . 8 , I r ^ I . , w , ,y , : A .. • 1 . J 1 '\ : J—m ",., - V .. ti w Y } i �F \ lye - _ _, ,i - , `•e'YvY r w: IY I 1. ' ♦ ' . : 1' O�M1^, , -'a r , , , • '• -• , - 5 _ 'I. I. , . , _ �. a .P e I . - b' •. . I•• „ ' r r I _ e .i�tlyyy .. ,-- 1 d r I I +f t, . �6� I •' ,t I. + I \. r;t !� r y. .v �. I , r , r .. ........• .. ... . r " I / / f' ,yy� vcT,. ', , ,n , — H�' r '- - ./I .. . . . � - . . \ . . n - 1 r y ,. - .. q , b _ t , _ „ > .. ,D I .4 .ti- —._rte..•.. I - - a . r _ . , .. ' -_ - -- ,{r r,, - 6 •' �1 - . ...�. , - r I. , 0 I. �� I I 'rt*, �.a - — - :� .1 —l 6 -- ,---� ----, . - --- - .—_._ _ , 1 _ .. r -_ I . I I I , . I � I I . I I., %�,.,- ,-. I — , I I �,,I I . . . I I . 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I - �♦ T 1 �1 • • 'r .. . J. t L 1 • - - d 'r _ I. . - , - ♦ _ ,. _ .J f J _ ,_ , w . 11•1.1...M .. .r .." n rrn nr - . ` -- , , 0 _ S,. .I., ,.. ,' - .. .1 _ , .. .. v. - , 1. / a i B • , } -2 1 . . I I . . •• , \ ` .. .� a •. _ / �_� . I I _ _J-J 'I i r .� • V _ ,. � . , X14 r ' - - - .... I I, q , - - _ / ♦ S J 1 r . a. / 1 Y_ / _ a' - J �):I: „ ,I I <. . s I _ 11 `I i,,. 'j_ '1 ,' _ - - .. . ) '111.1 .). V_fP..t../�.>rrY,i s .' 1 �_ (' § iNx a 1. ta Y a1 f¢ �l F�na # so0sMY S { 4 l THE CONVEYANCE OF ANDOVER .. �:,. THE town of Andover originally included the pre- sent towns of Andover and North Andover and that . part of the city of Lawrence which lies southerly of Merrimack River. This territory was called by the Indians Coehickawick,and was a part of the territory =A = IK of Naumkeag, which was included within the domain of the redmen ruled by the Massachusetts tribe. The sagamore of the Massachusetts when Andover was settled was Cutshamache, otherwise called Cuts- make or Cutshamakin, who lived near Dorchester,and was a kinsman of Passaconaway, the chieftain beyond the Merrimack. In 1636, Cutshamache was allowed by the general court sufficient gunpowder for nine or ten (, shots that he might kill some fowls for himself.' In f 1642, he desired the colonial authorities to give him a coat, and the matter was referred to the treasurer of el the colony,;aptain Edward Gibbens.z March 7, l' .4, he was one of the Indians who voluntarily placed w ; themselves under the authority of the Massachusetts Bay Colony government.' Rttordi of tbt Bfarratbarau Bay Colony, Boston, 18 5 3, volume t, page t 81. Rteor h of tbr .ilamaebumm Bay Colony, Boston, 1853, volume 1. Is n, page 2;. t Rererdr of tbt bforraeburutu Bay Colony, Boz,on, 1853, volume u, Pages 55 and 56. The submission which the several Indians signed is as follows : — ' Wee haue & by these presents do w4untarily, & wthout env r constraint or oswasion, but, of or ovine free motion, put orselues, or N# subiects, lands, & estates under the government & iurisdiction of the L 3S Y j Y �Yv d. •SGS bar x'�yyy 3„x zdE 3 R _ >,,aF :,� :✓ .' � . , -v'1 �``.A�'S�"yy�1� 4 t'� iw:...+wYr-x.41„ x'}. ��yyry to 8 h 4- 'AT wr 36 ] r 37 The settlement at Cochickawick, which became the of the Boston Latin School ; married Mercy, daughter town of Andover, was begun in 1641 ; and a church of Governor Thomas Dudley; and rzturned to New- October where he was a ustice of the peace and deputy . a was formed there October a4, t 645, when Rev. John Y� J P Woodbridge oFNewbur was installed as astor. Mr. to the general court. He was a scholarly, but practical, man, patient and of an excellent spirit. He was the Woodbridge was born at Stanton, Highworth, Wilt- shire, England, about 1613, his father being the min- first minister ordained in Essex County, and the ister of that parish. He came to Newbury with his second in NewEngland,the service occurring Septem- uncle, Rev. Thomas Parker, and the colony constitut- ber 16, 1644.. He was the leading person in the An- ing that settlement in 1635. He entered Harvard dover settlement from his installation in 1645, and, in behalf of the town, he purchased of the sagamore College, and was the first graduate. fie was master =F Cutshamache all the right and interest of the chief in t Massachusets, to bee governed & ptected by them, according to their iust ]awes & orders, so fair as wee shaibee made capable of un- wtbin ye gates of Christian towner. An : it is easy to ym ; they have ' derstandin do mise for orseluts r g; & wee p , & all o st:biectr, & all not to do on any dav, & they can well take their ease on vt day. or posterity, to bee true& faithfull to the said government, &ayding to 4 To honor their parents & all their st;piors. the maintenance thereof, to or best ability, & from time to time to give An : It is their castor : to do so, for the inferiors to honor their # speedy notice of any conspiracy, attempt,'or evill intension of any supiora. *, which wee shall know or heare of against the saroe ; & wee do 5. To lull no man wttout iust cause & iust authority. ;fit} " • praise to bee willing from time to time to bee instructed in the An: This is good, & they desire to do so. knowledg & worship of God. in witnes whereof wee have hereunto put or hands the Sob of the first ma, @ 043-16¢¢. ry " 6. To comic no unclean lust, or fornication, adultery, incest, pe, sodomy, buggery, or bestiality. An : Though sometime some CVTSHAMACW of yes do it, yet they count that naught, & do not glow it. NASHOWANON, i " 7, Not to stealc. An : They say to vt as to ye 6tb quere. WOSSAMECON, - To suffer their children to learn to reade Gods word, yt they a MASKANOAtFTT, may lesrn to know God aright, & worship him. in his owne sway. SQUA SACHIM." 94 They say, as oportunity will serve, & English live among ym, .' Before this submission was allowed to be accepted by them, the they desire so to do. Indians were examined as to their religious belief and moral attitudes That they should not bee idle." This examination was a follows:— To these statements the Indians consented, acknowledging them F, To worship yo onely true God, web made heaven & earth, 4 to be good. The authorities were satisfied with the result of the ex- fa,," not to blaspheme him. amination and accepted their allegiance. The general court ordered �•An: We do desire to revrence ye God of ye English, & to speake 1 g' ' the colonial treasurer to se each of the Indians a coat ci'red cloth, well of him, because wee see bee doth better to English than otter —two yards of material in each, and a potful of wine. The Indians gods do to others. presented the members of the court with twenty-six fathom of z. Not to swear faicely. An: They say they know not wt ewer- wampum. ing is among ym. — .Etrord; of tbt Afamorbuirm B ty Colony, Boston, IS 5 3, volume 3. Not to do any unnecessary worke on ye Saboth day, especially 14, Page 5 5 and 56. ,x': ��L , n xq , v eo .14 . [ 38 1 39 1 the territory which included the land six miles to the The record of this release is as follows : — '' south of the English village, which was at the pre- At a General Corte, a Boston, the 6th P mo r 646, sent centre of North Andover village, easterly to the Cutshamache, sagomore of ye Massachusets came into ye then Rowley, now Boxford line, and northward to the Corte, & acknowledged yt for ye sume of 61 & a conte, wce .. Merrimack River. No deed confirming this transfer he had already received, hee had sould to Mr John Wood- was given, as far as known, and the transaction was bridge, in behalfe of ye inhabitants of Cochichawick, now oral and made in the presence of the general court, at called Andiver, all his right, interest, & priviledge in ye Boston, May 6, 1646.1 land 6 miles southward from ye towne, two miles eastward The ccnsideration of six pounds was paid, it is said, to Rowley bounds, be ye same more or lesse, northward to Merrimack Ryver, pviaed yt ye Indian called Roger & his by Mr. Woodbridge and Edmund Faulkner. As company may have lib*c, co cake alewifes in Cochichawick part of the consideration there was also given to the sagamore a coat and a provision made that Roger, River, for their owne eating; but if they eithr spoyle or steale any cerne or othr fruite, to any considerable --slue, of ye in- „ the Indian, and `r his company have liberty to take habitantes there this librt of taking fish shall forever cease ` alewives in Cochickawick River for their own con- y g ' & ye said Roger is still to enioy foure acres of ground x sumption, but that the last privilege should cease if where now he plants. This purchase ye Cake alowes of, & '§ ( the Indians spoiled or stole any corn er other fruit have granted ye said land to belong to ye said plantation for belonging to the English inhabitants of any consider- evr, to be ordred &- disposed of by them, reserving liberty able value. Further, it was agreed that Roger should to ye Corte to lay two miles square of their southerly bounds continue to enjoy the four acres of Eround where he to any towne or village yt hereafter may be erected there- then planted. abouts, if so they see cause. Cutshamache acknowledged Rev. John Woodbridge closed his pastoral relations with Andover this before ye magistrates, & so ye Corte appveth thereof, t in 1647, and went to England, where he became chaplain of the court & of the rest in this bill to be recorded, so as it piudice of commissioners which tried, convicted and executed Kin Charles 1, no former graunt.' in t6*9. Mr. Woodbridge wits subsequently se..tled in a parish in 1 The name of Roger is perpetuated in Roger's Andover, in Hampshire, England. He returned to Americr, in 1663, g p p g and became assistant to his uncle, Rev. Mr. Parker, at Newbury. Brook. and in Rogers Rock' until a generation He died March 17, t695, at the age of eighty-two. As a Harvard ago, when the latter well-known landmark was re- ` graduate, President Dunster called him the ,,moo honorable of his moved. class";Cotton Mather named him: "Leader of the Whole Company, At the period when this transaction occurred ale- A Star of the first magnitude" ; and Doctor Calamy said, - He was a g” wives swam in the streams here in large numbers but € great man every way, the lasting glory, as well as the First Fruits of g r f that Academy." ' Rttordt of the Maimebarlttr Bay Colony, Boston, 1853, volume On that day. Cutshamache was allowed by the general court the 11, page 159• YA " privilege of buying two or three pounds of swan shot. — Rerordi ' Roger's Rock was near the present site of the South Cor.grega- oj"tbt Mamatbwettr Bas Colony, Boston, 18 S3, volume It, page 148. tional meeting house. YI ' {':1. ■1 i f, rR. _. _ .. .. _+.....-....b:rte-... �._ .: .....�.�...� ....._.._.. �._ i r R Y qqyy77� pp ` i3a4 A .� a _.r rr.xWa+..+..vwy�lww,ryr{�yy, Sr• s A t y . L 401 were of the less desirable variety of fish, being sim- ilar to herring. 4 Whether the provision that the Indians should r abstain from spoiling or stealing corn or other fruit g . to L[ any considerable value " indicates that it was as- sumed that the planting ground of the white man F should be free to them on necessary occasions to a limited extent is an open question. If it had been a concession to the Indians when they were in great need of food, the spoiling of the corn would not k probably have been mentioned. Further, if this were a ` true, the imperfect ears, or utherwise second quality of the corn or fruit, as in the case of the fish, would ha, - been allowed to the Indians. It seems rather a t recognition of the mischievous, careless, and thieving °µ propensity of the red men. This is not to be charged against them too severely, however, for rights of pro- } perty, especially of natural products, was not a part j k; f of the curriculum of their early training. z s, y 4. A S+ F �1 py t i'Y , S C i 4 Se F M1 g r' y� s y u i j I M1( y v .