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VARIOUS MAPS OF ANDOVER, NORTH ANDOVER & VICINITY
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]odocus Ilondius AMERICA, 1588
� Dutch 1563- i611 the• Ur linmal, made u� 15v'. More of the North Amer
it an cont is included, although it is not cct vscll delineated.
flus rcproduttaon .ippc.tn to he a true copy of the 'I fit; ' Tcrra Cortercai • lust :oath of I-ahrador refers to an a tree. At the lower nght, the inscription rclers to file fire
ort,:11131 111 all geogr.will, al ,in,I de.oratINc• %itIAIly estclst arca which may h.ne• Ic•en re•athed ut 1 "Oil a11d ISo1 fit. Magell-t❑ is supposed to hav'c srcn at night while exploring
the kiatc•. The ongmal is und.ucd, hilt is tonstrlerctl to have tsso Portuguese brothcn of that nenx, who had hccn sent the Strait ; bc(AUtie of the fire he named the land to the
hccn first published in lnnri, IN tears .Iflcr tic date gnrn to search for :he Nortimcst Passage to China. the non xntth iicrr.1 dcl foga.
here. In I\late of the date, on the ongmal there appear csistcnt Anian Strait' separating America from Asia is l-hr inset painting illustrate. the Brazilians preparing a
tsvo inns of test conune'nunr; on 131\:nese bo.us, standar dcpittcd here•, as in Seuttcr's rn.tp. drink and the text states that "yuuug girls chew certain �?-
n, the test at the lower III
ght Another dIIftrcntc 1s that dote at the• upper right the fisherman who holds an roots and spit thcnt out ; thy .ire then cooked in oils, given
'ire• ungIIIA1 is uncolort..l, iustrunicnt to he thro%i n at birds. Beneath the rouboa7-11kc to the then to drink, and considered especially delicious."
The shape of South Anmita is more atkuratc than in craft is a note dccl.uing that it is caned from the trunk of South Ante•rican birds and fruit complete the decoration.
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Theodor de Br}' AMERICA, 1592
(German) 1528-1598
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The original of this Ike Bry mal, is uncolored and been misread ; for example, Hispaniola has become "Ills- betrayed the great ruler's friendship. Potosi, to the south,
beautifully engraved, with watcr areas indicated by short, pamola." The Indian village and animals, whatever they was the site of the w'orld's most fabulous silver mine.
wavy lines. This copy, relettere•d, doe. not show the grcat are supposed to represent, have been added, as has the Because of the vast quantities of gold and silver, the
care that the, mapmaker had taken. l'et the copyist evidently ship on the right between the cyuatcr and the Tropic of Andean regions of Peru and Chile were the most heavily
attempted an exact reproduction, for you will note the Capricorn. Latitude and longitude are omitted on this copy. settled. The relatively sparse settlement of the other South
insertion of the letter "r" in Cartegena, which appears In Peru, Caxamalca (Cajamarca), the home of the Inca American countries left plenty of room for the artist's
exactiy the same way in the original, Other letters have Atabalipa (Atahualpa) is indicated. It was here that Pizarro imagination.
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SCOTLAND
Sh$" N arth
s a FOREWORD
CwwbrlMd awrta,l \
"+ HE Tercentenary of the Landing of the Pilgrims at Provincetown on Novem-
ber i1, 16,!a, and of the first Landing at Plymouth on December 21st of
'• '` , will be celebrated this autunm not only by the people of
T�• the same year,
a f the other States,
nd and
New England but by most ote;, and also by England,
� t
iae y � ar to
t r I Its s . . .�•+' « doubtless other countries. We therefore be this to be an app
L,wt„Atire issue this pamphlet treating of the connecting links between New 1?ngland and
MUKVts=a s...w Old England, including most of the cities and towns named after the places in
T aLP19"' EnQland, Ireland and Scotland, from the beginning of the first settlement at
Cnt,n,r• L .wa.ln
••►m Plymouth, Massachusetts.
pM , S\ It is our belief that there are many people in New now
England who du not
who were the early settlers of their own Citic, or tonins,
Lu .. or of other place, in the
c, [ WW LYON K
Ny�—v sa- N..,.,. New England States. we think, too, th.re may be many who do not know how
►••.r•
am N, or why their own or other New Eng!_-,nd communities have been given their present
R,dM♦ ,+a„i, MMM• ..J Qwr. ,Ryl�
names, and we also believe few people realize the close relationship and the. many
links beri�•cen many of our Neje' England cities anti tu�e•ns and the mother cities
and towns of the Old Country
o.... w.e ..+
-� "eaa t•+ B
R. Whiting, Ist who
This idea was suggested to the 'Trust Company by 1Yalter 1.. Cornish descnb-
s
�; 04.. ” " .�" �°"' rte_ --•i showed us several interesting pamphlets written by Ree . Louis C.
Nnt,A... ' t( in the inter�s�ng exchanges of friend:hip that have taken hlacc betveen New
) pp
1 br:,ld Ch,w !lSLa N � O
Sa,4,nwt a a ANVM S "• "•! K • t /
Ilia ham and Olct lfingham•
� ��� aw ,,,1 r•R,w , " . , tre ; We have attempted in this booklet to describe many of the mc»alcs, ifts
and official or unofficial eisits between the places of the same name in the New
cove ar,wr / r,=-'';,` ,� England States and the British Isles, and we !=eit1`'e Host of this material has ne�'eC
nevcv
before been collected; in f i n`111 much of
olf).:ity for tion own celebrationsr or ►cd n
Co.'.,it ' ( _
print, except perhaps occasionally)
E n s t : sh C Kann sl T
'y city or town records. A1uch assistance has been furnished by May
of clues,
J ! Town Cierks, Selectmen, officers of Libraries and Historical Societies, and b} people
in the different cities and towns in New England, �whu have very lletterndly s. records.
FNGLAN I f,
to the Trust Company in many cases onamal documen s,
showing, by capital letters and dots within the circles, locations of the English towns mentioned in this
brochure and in Parc II to be issued nett year. city and town reports, and photographs for our examination and reproduction,
and it is to these persons the T .•ust Company and those who read this pamphlet
are particularly indebted.
Map taken from - TOWNS of NEW ENGLAND ar.d OLD ENGLAND
Ireland and Scotland - fart 1 - 1,
Issued by the State Street Trust
Company of Boston to Commemorate the
Tercentenary of the Landing of the
f Pilgrims 1620 - 1920
I
+
r
r
rt`
Henricus Hondius NORTH AMERICA, 1631
(Clutch) 1587- 1638
This map of North America was reproduccd from ,in Nova Fran6a. He has made some new errors too; for "Amstelodami, Excudit loannes Ianssonius," a reference to
altered copy of an undated original. Thi land area with example, in the notation under "Nova Britannia," the Jan Jansson, Flondius' brother-in-law who took over the
the animals appears to he true to the original map, but on omitted ' c" is added above the word "exce•dchat." business when Hondius died.
the ocean areas the decorative ships are much larger on the The date 163' appears in each of the notes about James On the map, settlements are concentrated along the
copy. Here the compass rose with its radiating lines re- Bay a .d Hudson Bay, and the copyist has added this date coastal areas; the vast interior is yet to he explored.
places a small ship, and the water-spouting mot:ster near and supplied or changed the name in the cartouche at the Although St. Augustine was founded in 1565 and Boston r -_
it is an added feature, lower left. An original of this map with the cartouche dates from 1620, neither is named. Again, as in most x
In relettering, the copyist has repeated certain errors [,link is included in it 1638 .locator-Hondius A11as. An- maps mWdc at this time, California is shown as an island.
i made on the original, such as the spelling "Accadie" in other uncolored map removed from a Dutch atlas reads
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Bs.aex County, hes achusetts - By
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This map was first engrave at Amsterdan inJ j6,35�
•{.v *'k, nnlpl.rq+ori Willom -.Tnrnennnn RIAAU . It �ho:g _s the hip-.h
--- - -- - - - -
♦ti-i_t l .r{nn nn { +o _
L1tth Lt
Vl uC L41.tt 11 i:ud�tiaO .lu rlutva ave - -- -'J -••O "� - '- - - ' AF
(Blaeu oriented his map with North to the right , West at the
top. ) It ' s most decorative, one of the best of the unsur-
passed maps left to us by the Age of Exploration. And it
evokes a brief but influential chapter of American history.
Our copy. has been reproduced in full-color gravure,
!'rnm r,n nripinnl lmnression by tnei fine ?rurich printing
firm of Conzett and Huber. The print is illuminated by
remarkably accurate drawings of strange New World natives
and stranger beasts.
It ' s worth framing and rawards study. For example, a
close loot: will reveal several Dutch "originals" which
we ' ve kept to this day -- such as Gebrokeland, where the ......
Dodgers were. a few' Nketherlands now was British. Even the S1 r
' is labcL•d hopefully "'Che (neat Ricrr of N\ew \rthe•rlands."
The map goes free to every MERICAN
HERITAGE gift recipient this year,
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1 522 FIRST PRINTING, &C. � COI\.1GC, EILLS OF UPLlill, &C.
.,3 rnr
drew bfarrel, at the Siem of the RnLe refilled.on C..ustilutinn-lldl, North America.^ G U [ .� G .Li, i.i U 1, ( • ,
In the centre of the pile w'wa a dee-ice nl a su lac, cut uuo rirty, to repm.rnt the Colo. 1", [v Ti r�
nips. Minto—^join or Ilio." After the ht L', foll,lwcd an a�dreva tnthr. pul,lic Irian the C 1/
fictitious printer and publisher. Andrew Marvel. This paper At Wt without date Lilt was
t: 1110 fUi1(11{'Ini„ rY1,111Se 1U tlil. 11 C•i :'!III 1!1 t1 ;+, '':i l:'.rl', tIIL
printed in September, I NZ. It contaiurd n,•\cr al wr11 All; and spirited Cs,y+ a;nmst i
tyle obnoxious stamp act,which were so hil,hly v loied, that the editor.of of i.afwry in tile, C:CIIS�Iutt of I1t1:5 I �" 1
r ). t'CCi. I( 11l _,I•p; 1 fl Ii :, I [lt'':11'tl'.l liri!i_
New}ori, even ]Toil, dcrlined to pmh!nhih''1n ClIX111y front VU{•. 11111CLlllsulls lilslorl Ill �l iq•; r1'll .:U .l
A lilt a edition Ways printed,secretly forty•lyded to Newyork,ane!there sold by hawkers
selected for the purpose. It had a rapid sale, and Was, I IM'heve, reprinted there, unit at
Boston. Ike:c tied some, corrainotion if, Newyork. and was taken notice of oy gryryovern• �was1 1 1 , `r,� ? uta, I,'.".'1, [1'• tra,Ir p( ,t,l.
i made of theautharurC(rinuruno'hnd ting,wustdone. Onhe fort in e(iftheroil cl'dmmnledof a e,.
r\j� � prof Litt lUrrt951„ t+'tIC li!\'
e sa
m _
w Il mated!" Sweeney, •�" r with tate �1 i
hawker n:uned Samuel SN'eenry, "where that incendiary' r t r5' +iii_-� t ),' us. i 71 a,s u,; r, it
as he had been instructed, smwcred, 'At Peter Ilitioal erer'a iron-works, please your ! µ"fr' ,�. 4� } � l 7,r ,
wt honer." Peter Ilassenelever was a wealthy German,Nell known as the owner of ezten- 1 !1 f- - d ,� 2 ( I Lnriuert5 or 7 a I t + 7; t•L+ tl rte
sive imn•workm in Newjersey. Afterward,other publications of alike kind frequently t r�, ; +i tore, rlu:rlernu; '
"I+�ly 4.1 1<`�w �"1' ! 1 it Ik i Oi tho
appeared with all imprint—/I Printed at Peter flastlenelever's iron Only ono 4 �j 1 , {crait,l a bic.t till { iu• '
n-
n
of the Constitutional Gazette was published; a continuance of it wa never in• (I +� 1 Iruta t u'
tended. It was printed by William Goddard, at Parker's printing house at Burlington— f t " .--^ � 6parliard, ay W1,11 It Il"',
produced by the tral.e brink bnlu,itt to 1eR Fn/_land w 'a.l:I,:u. .. a r,
Goddard having previously obtained Parker's permission occasionally to use his prose. e' tllouf;htneCessarj for pro citilnhfraud ltt ronaeytocrecI1 t.u'Itfv
f coiuinu Shiliiu'"s, six-pence's and Ihrcle-pence;, Ritll 11.1 ,e;:, r Ito•
t
pression at first than N 1; on the one sidle au;l \1 i. I. or I Ii, illi
Water lOW11— 33 QIt4 i g, the other, but in ilctJber 1651, 1!1c Court 0_111creel tial ail pica >
of money should Mace a double rinq {cilli Illi; in5cripuuu, Zl.ts>n-
co CIOs Cn ETTS, and a tree, in [Ilii centre unour. Sill', and Ni,w ENGL.i.
and the {-ear of our Lord one the oilier side.
28 - 39 The first honey being 5mick in IBJ',', Ill SaI17e date R'39 Cor::lllr:Cd
Cam rL eti
upon all [dolt Ras s
talc lilt U sezrs nli, r and aithot:_r!7 Ib, n' arc a I
yV0 TL?A• �rteat sand} of (lie 4 it C:17111,1'
iliiv[ br act r- sed in {t'ha: rear+ lilt
(�,j• 3s p1CCCS 1t'ere (b llLft NO rl,t v, Cul ) It• tttr prestinif ] ill ',oin 3!a{'
RoX[��d C�p�1 ��� } metal 1111!1 114111"N , it 111tv,; !,t, con—,!('red dist at Illi, I lr a
t �[ n0 I�tnn III 11ra11. NO LUIII'U R' tart[,tl Of 1t 1)C til• I' II7::It Ill nor
DQ?'( t� t 89'r Brit 1'� b�- �.rO 11Rt11, :1!l;l 1Cll illi bt. :7 tiilh In;l l'l Irl ,t tilt.re wlis l
sitcc of It afb•r•a'arlr.s I Veit bl' 1�in; 1 nits till, �'!. fn n m• til:-n 9,U
�•far3, 1tu! :IlrV 11'1;1 is R t,i l ld,fc Will td r7•,: t'11 r!'r•+ a i L.. !u• CJiunC
{Ch(:n 111f' chart[r R a4 C 7li'II :rl fi17,',aUlll. Vi". ItU ;[r1 ti ,7, s, %Ca, !.11,I
w ��4 q s7fi�C upon it_ It :Ipllea r I l ate hren so t,t uf 'uld tl. + !!l:nn_-, Sir Ed-
•` y / IIIL'ilil a•l I7�L:1�L'1I:n11 elldea'�o;s '{(•I Um. /U V1a:11I1 ],valve,
for Conlinn;rl'� ;t, aI1tI llh U �I t �111ri� 7 I!- 1 ,c! I: ti I! " ! 1. if c pIU-
i't
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Ob win CPI!d l'd ft!litl I:+ bt Ia;! 'lilt I .,"' I l:lm 1 , �e. il:l 1 r '1!, I,Ir the
,. PLR10lx 111rIf10I1 tCnS ;11, ::. Il :1 till' I ..., I ' nl ,t ! 111111t .:lei 1;11 111 , :gr,:tct
° ]t �. It Was llpl,li Ineor 17.. l,- 1. i ,'J: •: !f ..�nlls. lI .5 t ";•11 1.1.:: _Scat
d S �f �l� can {ca, rak.rl IU In ern I!r tLe cinu. I
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'Vi !( FQ hulfion, t'\ct•pt III 1I1 N1 \ ::II-! 1.1 : 1'i•1w I."+. A %rrC 1 i—I ` 1'17 waw
a}.. V ('ulneil. The millt jo:1.1 l IUil CI'`I'd :1 ht(_r III;CI.11;' 400 1'. '
}� l I,: trn6 10 Chill the III `IIPC, ill1; ll t'11% (If OW ! 1 r , At ,,I -II;:r
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L;nt*liih matte{, ,1r;1 GI tln:_t i v{1 Cfi r-
gi1 The above map of the country in the rleimty of Billiton, is a close rnlq of part of n f nines all," ru:llme 1.,, t as to !;I �1! Iut I it, tr.kc tilt, , 111 -I'I. r.;, of
;I 1. map of New England,published in the New Memorial in 1W,and it is believed to have I
every tR'etih' sitilivi_i, �1 :i" ,'m.r' R,`re :11teR\;r I, . t I,i vr• IllBI
• + been the first mop ever engraved in flus country - ,
t this R-ttS tau adt :nt t^rr,r. '1 centr'.rt, %il I %I T, 'I;.i. n fii . ',? :1 :nal
l of honer bs the court to rl b_1+1 t:u :n fri,ru it hl t h^ r, rl e
g Ile left a I-irtze llt)r50a71 est II • ii,! :, nt lite iµ-st ,e ' 1 s 1 ttl I ,
t Colllltr C. Buhl:l nhO Mari-ii I !,I, (1IBC dal _,`,I ., :l',eive i
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Matthias Seutter part of the mainland and produced a map of the area. NORTH AMERICA
(German) 1678-1776 Thus, when Seutter became royal geographer to the Em-
peror of the Holy Roman Empire in about 1731, he had On the west coast are traced segments of explorers'
the information that would )cad to a correct delineation routes, including that of Sir Francis Drake who claimed
The Indians and sword-billed birds Seutter used to dec- of California. Yet the mistake is not unusual ; many map- "Nova Albion" for England in 1579. Along both coasts
orate his map of South America show up again in the makers used maps or plates on hand. ports, capes, rivers, bays and towns are named. In Canada,
cartouche of the northern continent. Seutter was not using The Aman Strait shown above California is purely Hudson Bay is erroneously named Button Bay. Baffin Bay
the latest information available, for California is shown as imaginary. The narnc was applied to a supposed strait is shown west rather than cast of Baffin Island and the
an island. On many earlier maps it was correctly drawn north of America, connecting the Pacific and Atlantic island itself is incorrectly broken into three nieces.
as a peninsula, but from 1622 to the early 18th century Oceans. The basis for the belief in its existence was the Here again, as in Seutter's map of South America, the
the error of showing it as an island was made. In attempt- fact that Magellan's Strait separates the main continent of prime meridian running through Tenerife has been used, .
ing to correct this conception, Father Kino, a Jesuit mis• South America from land to the south, and it was thought with the meridians marked from zero to 360 degrees
sionary to New Spain, proved in 1702 that California was that a similar strait existed north of North America. around the globe. m
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Based on a map by AMERICA, 1690
Johann Baptist Homann
(German) 1664-1724
The original Homann Wrap was not made in 1690, but of North America. Decorating this cartouche there had tains and trees were un;olored, and there were names and _
probably between 1717 and 1719, at the request of John been two figures--one holding a peace pipe and presumed dated explorers' routes, one as late as 1716, which have
Law for use in the land promotion scheme of the -Com- to be an Indian in spite of light wavy hair, the other been omitted here. The original did include the scene of
piny of the West" or the "Alississippi Company.- Great Father Hennepin, a Franciscan missionary. In place of it Indians, buffalo, raccoon and pelican on the right. Above
liberties were taken in this altered copy. At the time of is the whale scene on this map. Other additions here -re it is the coat of arms adopted by the "Company of the
the map's execution, short titles such as "America 1690" the views of Quebcc and New York and all the figures West" in 1717—the two Indians flanking the horn of
were not used. In the original, the cartouche, which was and animals, with the exception of the small scene of plenty. _ m
at the upper left, had a long Latin title stating that the hunters and buffalo just south of the Ohio River. This The modern lettering points out Indian tribes, rivers
map was of the Mississippi Region or Louisiana Province appeared on the original. On the Homann map the moon- and cities. Even Cape Canaveral in Florida is noted. '
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LOUISIANA, 1698
The unsigned and undated original from which this map After omitting the title, the parallel at 550 north latitude On this modern adaptation, color has been added to the
was adapted carries a French title across the top, explaining was pushed to the top of the map and degrees added at water areas, the outlines of the inset and the "Remarques."
that this is a "Map of New France where one may we the the bottom. The area from I9°50' to 24114;' n,,-rh latitude The cartouche, the view of Havana, the compass rose—
course of the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi the is added. Thus, all of Cuba instead of only the northern too large for this land m.:•p—and the ships and monstersn
states, countries, nations, peoples, etc. of New Jersey, New portion, and parts of Yucatan, Jamaica and 'S. DominguC" are all added features. Instead, the original was decorated
7 York, New England, Acadia in Canada, the Eskimaux, (Haiti) are inc!uded here but not on the original. with two small Indian villages, some very small illustra-
the Hurons, the Iroquois. the Illinois, etc, and the Great The inset, showing the coasts of Louisiana, was on the tions of Indians with bows and arrows, a few turkeys and
Isle de Terre Neuve (Newfoundland) : based on the new- original, but here the scale and the note are reversed. a deer. On each of the Great Lakes except Lake Erie there
1 est reports gathered for the establishment of the French This map has been relettered, repeating some errors of was a very small canoe with two Indians, and on other
'•
Company of the West." (The company was established in the original David" rather than "Davis" Strait), cor- water areas there were several large and five smaller :.ai:in
•
1717.) recting others and adding new ones. ships, all uncolored, ;.
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Didier Robert de Vaugondy NORTH AMERICA DIVIDED ACCORDING TO EUROPEAN POSSESSIONS, 1750
(French) 1723-1786
The son of the geographer to the King of France snows discovered Florida; Cabeza de Vaca entered Texas and for the Northwest Passage; tke names of the explorers
the imprint of the colonizing activities of the English, crossed to Sinaloa, htexi:o; Coronado explored Arizona ':ive in their discoveric>. Frobisher Strait, named for Sir
French and Spanish, -according to the tales of the most and New Mexico while looking for the "Seven Cities of 6tartin Frobisher, is incorrectly spelled "Forbisher." Above
modern travelers and navigators." Territory claimed by Cibola" ; in searching for "Quivira" he reached Kansas. it is Davis Strait, nam,.4 for John Davis who sailed through
England is outlined in red, French possessions are green De Soto discovered the Mississippi River in 1541 and the waters separating the Atlantic Ocean and Baffin Bay.
and Spanish yellow. Although the coast of South America penetrated the interior to Oklahoma and Texas. James Island, apparently a portion of Baffin Island, is ¢` }
i.; outlined in green, the only French possession there was English claims dated from John Cabot's discovery of the incorrectly shown. The English also laid claim to Hudson
French Guiana. "Isle de 1'. Neuve" (east of Labrador) in 1.197. New- Bay, discovered in 1610 by Hcnry Hudson.
By 1525 explorers under the Spanish flag had completed foundland was formally claimed for England by Sir French claims, beginning in Canada, were based c-n
i a reconnaissance of the east coast of both Americas and by Humphrey Gilbert in 1583. The map also shows the first Cartier's discovery of the St. Lawrence River in 1534.
15.13 they had explored the west coast of North America permanent English settlements at Jamestown and Plymouth. Champlain founded Quebec in 1608, and in 1682 LaSalle
as far north as Oregon. In the interior Ponce de Leon Eastern Canada was explored during the persistent search claimed "Louisiana" for Louis XIV. 34
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Published by Laurie & Whittle, London THE UNITED STATES OF
1784 AMERICA-1783
'o•R
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This map shows the United States of America at the ary corresponded to the pre.cnt toundary as far west as waters of British North America to American citizens, is
time independence was recognized by treaty. The American lake of the Woods (the Like largely in the United States quoted at the bottom of the map. The wording —the Right
flag that waves proudly over the cartouche is incorr(ct, for area toward the upper left of the map--now northern to take Fish" was changed to "the liberty to take fish" in
the stars were arranged in a circle in the colonial flag. Minnesota) ; the western boundary was the Mississippi the Definitive Treaty. Yet over the years disputes about
The Definitive Treaty of Peace, signed in Paris Septem- River; on the south the United States extended to Florida, fishing privileges went on, and the matter was finally
her 3, 1783, was in essentially the same form as the then owned by Spain. Note the names of the Indian tribes settled by the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague
Preliminary Articles named in the cartouche. By this treaty scattered throughout the map. in 1010.
United States boundaries were defined: the northern bound- Article III, which guarantees fishing in the territorial
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John Cary of Sir Francis Drake, who planted the Queen's arms ashore NORTH AMERICA, 1828
(English) c. 1754-1835 and named the region "New Albion." Captain James War, the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo in 1848, which
This map was made not too long after the Louisiana Cook's charting of the coast strengthened British claims. established the southwestern boundary.
Territory, purchased from Prance in 1803, greatly extended U.S. claim% were based on Captain Gray's discovery of the Although Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi, Alabama
the area of the United States. Exact boundaries were un- Oregon River, renamed "Columbia," and on the Lewis and Missouri entered the Union before this map was pub-
known, but "Louisiana" included the present states of and Clark expedition which followed the Columbia to the lished they are not named.
Arkansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, most Pacific. In California Spanish claim, were strengthened Russian America, of course, is Alaska, not acquired by
of North Dakota, %I�nncsota west of the Mississippi, most by forts and missions, but Spain was losing her empire the United States until 1867. In Canada, Baffin Island is
of Kansas and Oklahoma, parts of Colorado and Montana, and six years before this map was drawn California came named "Nth Ayr." The areas around Hudson Bay are
and Louisiana west to the Sabine River. under Mexican control. designated "New North Wales," "New South Wales," and
Conflicting claims existed over the area from the Stony This map was made before western boundaries were "East Main." Especially noteworthy are the charted dis-
Mountains (Rockies) to the Pacific. Britain dated her settled. Yet to come were the Oregon Treaty of 18.16, coveries of I-robisher, Davis, Baffin, Franklin, Parry and _
rights from 1579, based on the circumnavigation voyage fixing the line at the 49th parallel, and, after the Mexican Fox. The rest of the far North was still unknown.
35
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