HomeMy WebLinkAbout1988-01-08 Stormwater Report WSP r. Paul Sharon
120 Main Street
North Andover , MA 01845
Dear Mr. Sharon :
Enclosed is the final letter report
to the 'Town of North Andover on t . .
investigation of the water quality . Not
luc.lud d however , are the slantron photo-
microyra,phs of the distribution system, Mr .
Lilly copy contains the prints . If you
desire them for your copy Iwil have them
w reproduced .
I am sure Mr . Niman would be interested
In the report as he was a member of the
Salem and Beverly Water Supply Board during
part of my employment.
If there are any questions regarding
the report, please feel free to call .
LETTER REPORT
TOWN OF NORTH ANDOVER, 14A
Prepared By
\ Joyce S . Kip@in
.) Environmental Microbiologist
Water Treatment Consultant
#p£il. 12 , 19a7
/
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October 19 , 1987
Mr . M. Anthony Lally
M. Anthony Lally Aseciates
Consulting Environmental Engineers
2000 Sutton Street
North Andover , MA 01845
Dear Mr . Lally:
in accordance with our agreement of May 30 , 1966 , I am
pleased to submit this report on the results of my investi-
gation of the water quality in the town of North Andover ,
Massachusetts .
I1+ TRQD[JCTION
In the fall of 1985 , the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Department of Environmental Quality Engineering (DEQE)
imposed a boil order* after several cases of giardiasis were
reported in the town of North Andover .
Giardiasis is a waterborne disease caused by the pro-
tozoan Giardia 1 . and is transmitted by contaminated
dxeinking water that has been inadequately disinfected .
After Giardia cysts were found in the raw water , a
vigorous process of remedial action was taker . Residtial
chlorine levels were increased through out the distribution
system, and extensive monitoring for Giardia cysts in the
*The bail order was rescinded in January 1965 .
M. Anthony Lally- Associates
INTRODUCTION (continued)
raw water aid the distribution system was undertaken . S
t mid-April , no now cases of giardiasis were reported nor was
there any further evidence of Giardia cysts in the raw water
or the distribution system.
4n May 1 , 1986 , water samples tested exhibited high
numbers of background colonies . By the end of the week ,
caliform colonies ranged from 3 to 100 colonies per 100 ml
in the samples taken . As a result, the boil order advisory
was continued .
It is not unusual for coliform organisms to appear or
increase after high chlorine levels are introduced into the
distribution system ( 4-15 mg 1 ) , The phenomenon of
excessive cclifcrm organisms exacerbated by increased
chlorine levels has been documented by many other utilities
and is thought to be the result of the corrosive nature of
chlorine, which causes the detachment of tubercles and the
biofilm within the pipe network where colifcrm organisms
have colonized, plus the breakdown of TOG ( total organic
carbon) into AOC (assimilable organic carbon) , which the
bacteria arm able to utilize.
As a result of the coliform problems in the North
Andover water supply , microbiological services were
requested on May 30 , 1986 , to investigate the problem. The
scope of the work was to:
M. Mthony rally Associates 3 .
I
INTRODUCTION (continued)
1 . Review and evaluate all historical and present water-
quality data provided by the town and the consulting
engineer . Particiilar emphasis would be given to source-
water quality versus coliform recovery and to con-
siderations of temporal and spatial patterns of coliform
isolation
2 . Review and evaluate operational procedures and treatment
processes , and recommend changes in such procedures and
processes to control the coliform problem
. Evaluate the monitoring program and recommend changes in
the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the program
as may be helpful in further definition of the problem
4 . Evaluate laboratory techniques and processes . Provide
technical assistance to the laboratory; recommend impro-
vements in materials equipment, methods and techniques
5 . Recommend remedial actions for bringing the coliform
regrowth problem under control and identify preventative
measures that will help prevent further reoccurreaces of
colitorm intrusion into the water system
6 . Provide a written report summarizing the evaluation and
recommendations pertinent to date
The following report addresses the nature , extent ,
history and possible causes of the coliform outbreak . The
section of conclusions and recommendations sets forth many
of the specific actions and procedures .
M. Anthony sally Associates 4 .
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
The principal conclusions resulting from the study ara
as follows :
1 . The town of North Andover is in dire need cE a water-
treatment plant and should make every effort to proceed
with haste to design and construct such a facility.
. The bacteriological quality of the water supply CAN be
improved prior to the construction of the water treat-
ment plant through changes in operational procedures ,
implementation of seasonal watershed treatment, and
maintenance of the distribution system and storage
reservoir.
3 . The town of North Andover CANNOT provide water that
meets all water quality standards at all times until the
proposed water treatment plant has been constructed and
until other planned improvements to existing facilities
have been completed .
4 . There is no evidence to suggest contamination through
crossconnections or sampling and analysis procedures .
5 . Ccliforms isolated from the North Andover distribution
system are typical of those found in the distributions
systemfs biofilm and in other communities that have
experienced soli€arm contamination. Although microbial
biofilms are presumed to exist in all water distribution
14. Anthony sally Associates 5 .
i
Conclusions (continued)
systems , conditions within the North Andover system have
promoted the increased growth and detachment of the
biof ilm.
. Bi0film properties may have been affected solely b
changes in the source water ; however , the increase in
chlorine above what is necessary may be increasing the
problem. The potential for increasing slime production
in the biofilm population by increasing chlorine levels
may also lead to an increased slime release . The
biomass involved is likely to be in the thousands of
pounds and , under warm-weather conditions and with
substantial nutrient loadings , production may be on the
order of teas to hundreds of pounds per day systemwide .
Strategies for managing bio€films should include a sli-
micide such as copper .
Recommendations
1 . Copper sulfate applications to the raw water should
begin immediately . Lack of sufficient personnel and
expertise dictates that a professional be contracted to
ensure proper dosages and even application . Periodic
applications of copper sulfate should be made as
necessary.
. Algal populations should be characterized and
quantified weekly during the spring , summer and fall .
M. Anthony Lally Associates 6 .
Recommendations (continued )
3 . Feeder streams and brooks should be monitored . Major
' streams and brooks ( Foamy, Hatch ) should be monitored
after heavy periods of precipitation . Intake of raw
water from the lake should be monitored daily
(Appendix A, Table 3 ) .
4 . Homes within the watershed area should be planed Or�
town sewage, especially those homes immediately adja-
cent to and on the perimeter of the lake .
S . An automatic chlorine-demand analyzer should be
installed for the raw-water intake.
6 . Coliform noncompliance action plan levels I and zI
should be carried out as needed (Appendix A, Table 4 ) .
7 . Chlorine levels leaving the station should be between
1 . 0 and 1 . 5 mg/1 free chlorine residual .
S . Total and fecal colztorm uoants should be performed
daily .
9 . A pH of 8 . 5 . A free chlorine residual is better than a
combined chlorine residual . Although contradictory to
traditional ideas on chlorine application , the species of
chlorine remaining is more effective at a high pH . A
caustic environment in the distribution system xs detri-
mental to caliform survival .
10 . A systemwide flushing program should be instituted twioo
a year , spring and fall . Every main should be flushed by
valving off interseoting mains to direct flows and
increase velocities (Appendix A, Table 6 ) .
M. Anthony Lally Associates 7 .
Recommendations (continued)
li . clean and lire all unlined cast iron pipes 10 inches in
,diameter and larger . Priority should be given to older
and larger pipes on the fringes of the distribution
system.
12 . Maintain a free chla-j�ine residual in all parts of the
s ys tern.
13 . Bacterial identification should cnntlnue using the API
identification system. The identification of bacterial
isolates shoald be performed exclusively by the labora-
tory director .
14 . A Bill-time assistant xs needed for the laboratory to
adequately monitor the supply and the distribution
system.
15 . All bacterial isolates that have been identified as fecal
coliforms ( i .e . , E. coli ) shoiald be submitted to Dr .
Steven Edberg of Yale URivearsity . Dr . Edberg will ascer-
tain whether the isolates are from a haman or an animal
source and whether there is evidence of enteropathogenic
E . coli .
115 . The Sutton Hill reservoirs , Bear Hill reservoir and the
standpipe at Western Electric should be monitored weekly
Cor heterotrophic plate counts and coliform bacteria .
17 . All background colonies on m-Endo plates should be esti-
mated rather than being noted as "heavy , moderate and
light. " Five squares shall be counted and then averaged
M. Anthony Lally Associates 8 .
Recommendations (continued)
and multiplied by 100 . Over 200 background colonies
. invalidate the sample , as coliform growth is suppressed
by background. A new sample should be collected .
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TING TO THE WATER QUALITY PROMEM IM NORTH ANDOVER
1 . Bacteriological quality of the raw water deteriorates
rapidly during periods of heavy precipitation , high winds
and runoff events . This is further exacerbated by the
possible contamination of streams and brooks within the
watershed area by human and animal wastes , high turbidity
and heavy nutrient concentration from fertilizers and
runoff through lark mulch .
2 . There are approximately 650 residences , a food establish-
ment and a meat processing company on the perimeter of
the lake and within the watershed area . Of that number ,
only 250 residences are connected to the municipal sewer
system. The remainder are connected to subsurface septic
systems .
3 . A majority of residences within the watershed area use
large quantities of bark mule, , which almost exclusively
h orbors the coliform Klebsiella , and many of the
homeowners subscribe to professianal lawncare services ,
which use a high-phasphat,e and nitrogen fertilizer
( Appendix A, Table 2) .
4 . A meat packaging plant on the perimeter of the lace has
M. Anthony Lally Associates }
FACTORS (continued )
been obaerved washing material out, the back door
(Appendix A, Table 2) .
5 . Chlorine dosages have been less than the chlorine demand
of the raw water and the distribution system. Howevoer ,
the new ozone system seems to be controlling the problem
at the present time. The test will come during periods
of heavy precipitation .
b . A biofilm and an established microbial population is pre-
sent on the inside of the pipe network as in other
distribution systems . Sections of tuberculation were
analyzed for coliform and noncoliform popLilations .
Electron photomicrographs were taken of the bacterial
colonization within the tubercles (Appendix O) .
7 . Substantial lengths of old , tuberculated , unlined cast-
iron pipe and niimeroas dead ends are present in the
system.
B . Storage reservoirs were highly contaminated by the coli-
form outbreak , and superchlorination was only temporarily
successful because of the problem of maintaining an ade-
quate free chlorine residual in the distribution system
( Appendix B) .
9 . Recreational activities on or around the lake arm not
compatible with of a termiRal resezvoir and sale water
supply .
10 . 'here is a lack of fencing around the lake ,
M. Anthony Lally Associates
11 . There is presently no monitoring program for the lake
- or streams and brooks withn the watershed area; con-
sequently , it is difficult to assess water-quality
charges over the years .
12 . Uncontrolled algal blooms have exerted a high chlorine
demand during the spring and summer months ; con-
sequently, the demand by the water in the distribution
system has not been met.
13 . monitoring and inspection programs for septic systems
have not been carried out .
14 . Recreational activities , grind surfing , illegal
swimming , fishing and the use of any type of gasoline
motor is detrimental to the water quality .
EXPLANATION OF THE PROBLEM
Waterborne disease can result when humans come into
contact with water which contains harmful microbial orga-
nisms called pathogens . Diseases such as cholera and
typhoid have been eliminated with the use of chlorine ;
however , other ailments and infectious diseases can still
result from consumption of contaminated water . The Most
common are gastroenteritis , dysentery and infectious hiepati-
ti s . The disease-causing organists---various types of bao-
teria , viruses and cysts--eater the water as a result of
unsanitary practices . The most common causes of con-
tamination are human and animal waste deposited in the
M. Anthony rally Associates
EXPLANATION OF THE PROBLEM ( continued )
watershed , leaking sewers or septic systems , back siphonage
resulting from negative pressure in the distribution system,
cross connections and recoTitarniDation from standpipes and
finish d w ome organisms such as E.coli ,
which cause disease in roan , or ' it�atet e ecal
disc arge ancivicuals and animals . since it is
not practical to monitor Yuman disease carriers , it is
necessary to exercise precautions against contamination of a
normally safe water source , to institiite treatment methods
which will produce safe water and to insure protection of
the treated water during storage and distribution against
contamination .
Water distribution systems are also potential sources
of bacterial contamination . The three most common ways for
bacteria or viruses to enter the distribution network are
through treated water which has not been adequately disin-
fected through cross connections and through contamination
.in storage reservoirs (Apperkdix A, Table I ) .
Althoiigh chlorins has virtually eliminated typhoid and
cholera from drinking water , recent studies have shown that
certain coliforms and other microorganisms can survive and
grow in water distribution systems containing free chlorine
residuals (Kippin et al . ) . The mechanism for this phenome-
non may be a combination of the following :
M. Anthony Lally Associates 12 .
EXPLANATION OF THE PROBLEM (continued )
- The existence of a protective coating called a glyco-
calyx (capsule) around the bacterial cell that pre-
vents contact with the disinfecting agent.
Folysaccharide coatings enable the bacterial cell , in
low nutrient situations , to attach to the pipe wall
and collect nutrients from the bulk grater as it flows
by . When there are ample nutrients available, the
bacteria no longer need to be attached and are shed
into the bulk water
- Tubercles within the pipe , in which coliforms and
other microorganisms may grow and be physically pro-
tected from chlorine (Appendix ) . The tubercle
material may also exert a localized chlorine demand ,
thus reducing the chlorine available for disinfec-
tion . Internal changes within the water main
( hydrol.ic surges , flow reversals ) may cap*e the
d i s r�ipt i on of the tubercle , releasing col.i f arms into
the system
- Nutrients in the hulk water ( algae , organic carbon ,
trace metals ) promote growth , allow the repair of
injured organisms and cause the release of bacteria
into the bulk water
- The presence of a slime layer (biofilm) , sediment and
excessive turbidity within the main can physically
M. Anthony Lally Associates 13 .
EXPLANATION OF THE PROBLEM ( continued )
i
protect bacterial cells from chlorine and promote
growth
- The proliferation of algae and erustations such as
cyclgp! and daphnia in the caw water can feed upon
coliform bacteria and then pass into the distsribu-
tion network , releasing coliforms
Providing the public with a safe , pathogen--free
drinking water is the shared responsibility of the system
designers and operators . Public health officials and con-
sultants provide professional advice and technical guidance
based on experience . Ensuring quality potable product water
begins with the protection of the source water . Protection
of the water source is the first line of defense against
microbial pollution . in general , the better the quality of
the raw water supply , the easier and cheaper it is to treat
and the better will be the quality of the final product .
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION
Protecting the source of drinking water supply is the-
first stun to quality water", for example:
- Uncontrolled development and even controlled develc>p--
ment in watershed areas leads to erosion, the paving
ovez- of gz�ourndwater reeharge areas and excessive,
M. Anthony Lally Associates 14 .
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION ( continued)
polluted runoff . Erosion from disturbed, developing
areas increases tiarbidity. Microorganismq can become
attached to the aurfaces of turbidity-causing solid
particles or be enveloped by theso particles , thereby
being protected from contact with the disinfecting
agent . Watershed protection begins with land-use
planning and control of development
-- Poorly constructed and old septic-tank systems and
collection sewers , especially within watershed areas ,
are identified with fecal contamination of the source
water . Local and state officials need public help to
carry out effective septic-tank system controls and
sewer maintenance_ in protecting a water source, the
importance of conducting periodic sanitary surveys of
the source water and feeder steams and brooks cannot
he overemphasized . Such sanitary surreys consist of
thorough investigations of the essential elements
that which are part of or effect a water supply
- Uincontrolled algal growth can contribute to taste and
odor in the raw water that is further exacerbated by
chlorin , can provide nutrients for the proliferation
of microorganisms , can exert a tremendous chlorine
demand and can provide attachment sites for
microorganisms . Algal blooms cause a decrease in the
' . pR to around 5 . Acid water is detrimental to the
M. ARthony Lally Associates 15 .
WATERSIgEt) MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION (continued)
pipes and increases the corrosion rate . Copper
silfate treatment of raw crater supplies should be
initiated early' in the spring and continue thmighout
the fall , especially in crater supplies that have i
historically experienced problems with algae
- Wild waterfowl , such as Canada geese and ducks ,
discharge an average of 10 billion fecal coliforms '
a
per bird per day . The predominate coliform is E.
coli . Human fecal samples contain the greatest
variety of coliform types
•- Overfertilization and indiscriminate use of pestici-
des by domes and sporting facilities within the
watershed area increase the phosphate and nitrogen
concentrations in the raw water , encouraging water-
plant growth and bacterial populations . Pesticides
can add potentially harmful substances to runoff
waters and destroy nontarget beneficial org ani2ms and
wildlife
BACTERIAL GROWTH IN POTABLIE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
The appearance of caliform organisms in a drinking-
water system containing a free chlorine residual is the most
perplexing water-quality problem a water utility can
encounter _ From 1979 to 1986 , an unprecedented number of
water utilities reported excessive coliform populations
M. Anthony Lally Associates 16 .
BACTERIAL GROWTH (continued)
within distribution systems containing a free chlorine
residual of 0 . 5 to 6 .0 mg 1 . I€t many oases , contaminated
samples occurred so frequently that public notification for
noncompliance of the Safe Drinking water Act was called
for .
Most of the noncompliance incidents have taken place in
the eastern portion of the United States and have been well-
documented; how4ever , many incidents of excessive coliferrn
populations are not reported because the findings elicit the
wrong response from utility managements . Positive samples
are often regarded as collection or laboratory error. When
the problerft continues , chlorine is increased and monitoring
is intensified , and, an increased number of samples are
collected in cider to drive down the monthly average of
positive samples .
Very little is ever done to activate a search for the
source of the contamination- When water temperatures drop
below 10°C , the prolAem usually subsides , only to reappear
in the spring .
'through research and investigation of contaminated
systems , it has been shown that a biofilm and are established
microbial population is present in most distribution
sy8tems _ Where ccliforms have been identified , they were
either Klebsiella or Enterobacter , organists commonly asso-
ciated with hiofilms .
M. Anthony Lally Associates 17 .
BACTERIAL GROWTH (continued)
Biofilm refers to microbial cells immobilized at the
pipe surface or on a particle (suspended in the water or
on a filter) .
The colifcrms have in all oases been found to be
tolerant to normal levels of chlorine and resistant to
disinfection at chlorine levels as high as 15 mg 1 . These
organisms survive in the hostile environment of a distribu-
tion system by a mechanism that encapsulates the cell in a
sticky protective coating called a gl pocalyx.
Glycocalyx refers to tangled fibers made of poly-
saccharides , or sugar molecules , produced by the bac-
teria and extending from the bacterial surface.
This protective coatings enables the bacterial cell to
attach to a solid surface (pipe wall ) , where nutrients can
be selected and concentrated from the water as it passes by
(Appendix ) .
Positive coliform samples were typically found to be
sporadic and widespread throughout the distribution system.
The lack of a logical and consistent patte m in the location
of the positive samples shows the problems were usually
systemwide ratb er than a point source cootaminaticn within
the distribution system.
Other attributes of the systems studied were :
1 . Surface water supplies
2 . High levels of turbidity in raw water and finished water
3 . Increased numbers of background colonies
M. Anthony Lally Associates
BACTERIAL GROWTH (continued)
4 . Coliform outbreaks were preceded by precipitation ( i . e. ,
spring runoff , heavy rainfall)
5 . Marginal chlorination with little plant maintenance
6 . Chlorine demand of the water and distribution system was
not met
7 . Coliform organisms were always found close to the treat-
ment facility
8 . Treatment effluents were coliform free*
Injured organisms are Tesponsible for the breakthrou h
phenomenon .
Breakthrough refers to the increase in bacterial numbers
in the distribution system resulting from viable bac-
teria gassing through the disinfection process .
A variety of influences , such as sublethal con-
centrations of chlorine, are known to cause a form of rever-
sible injeary to coli€orm bacteria in drinking water . The
bacteria are unable to crow and form colonies on the com-
monly used media , wadi as m-Endo LES , but are able to
recover and grow under other conditions . Therefore , such
bacteria are not seen in chinking seater when standard
methods are used foz coliform enumeration . In many
drinking-water systems , large numbers of coliforms are
*Because positive samples were always found in close proxi-
mity to the treatment facilities , an experimental agar spe-
cifically formulated for injured bacteria in drinking water
has been used in many of these outbreaks . It was shown that
when using m-T7 , injured organisms were leaving the treat-
ment facility undetected (Kippin et al . ) .
M. Anthony Lally Associates
BACTERIAL GROW (continued)
iniTared and relatively high numbers of injured bacteria pass
the disinfection barriers undetected. Thur., , coliforms may
enter drinking-water distribution systems undetected and
inoculate biotilm communities or sediments where the cells
recover and grow. Tubercles and sediments on the inside of
pipe wall are microenvironments in which coliforms and other
bacteria can proliferate ( Appendix C ) . Coliforms have been
isolated from tubercles in the North Andover system as well
as from other distribution systems . Presumably, the solid
surface of the tubercle provides a protected microenviron--
ment where growth in the presence of a chlorine residual is
Possible .
Growth is the increase in viable bacterial numbers in
the distribution system resulting from bacterial growth
in the distz-1bution system downstream of the disinfec-
tion process .
In addition , tubercles are believed to contain high con-
cerxtrations of nutrients in contrast with the bulk water ,
where nutrient concentrations are very low. In general ,
however, coliform growth appears to be more dependent on
nutrients in the bulk phase than on nutrients is the
tubercles .
Many of the systems experiencing coliform episodes have
found ways of eliminating the problem. Utilities use dif-
terent methods of treatment , but there are several proce-
dures that are essential in preventing soli€orm episodes :
M. Anthony Lally AsSociates 20 .
BACTERIAL GROWTH (continued)
1 . Protection of the raw water source and watershed areas
. Sufficient quantities of disinfectant and adequate con-
tact time
3 . Maintenance of the distribution system
HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE
Most bacteria in the coliform group are net novmally
pathogenic to buman5 , although gore strains may cause
disease if ingested in high cQncentrations . Coliform bac-
teria are used as indicators of potentially dangerous bac-
terial contamination of drinking water because they are
generally present in polluted water in much higher Hummers
than pathogens and because they are relatively easy to
assess by routine laboratory procedures .
The federal standard for drinking water , specifying that
the monthly mean shall not exceed one coliform 100 ml , is
based on the assumption that coliforms detected by standard
laboratory Methods are of fecal origin . The purpose of the
standard is to mQriitaxc adequacy of treatment and potential
fecal contamination introduced through crass corsne,--ticris .
It is assumed that disinfection Measures adequate to elimi-
nate coliforms will ensure that human pathogens are also
killed .
Because elevated conform counts were found throughout
}
M. Anthony Lally Associates 21 .
HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE (continued)
the North Andover distribution system, contamination origi-
nating in one part of the system was considered unlikely.
E. coli , Which is the major coliform species in the
fecal coliform group , is unquestionably the only member of
the coliforms that is a constant inhabitant of the intesti-
nal tract of humans aad warm-blooded animals . It is
rare to find E. coli in the distribution system during these
coliform outbreaks . However , if they are identified , as was
the case in North Andover , a boil order should be imposed
immediately . The presence of E. coli in the raw water and
in the distribution system occurred after heavy rainfall ,
and is all likelihood , passed the disinfection barrier and
colonized is the distribution system. Srlbseq,L�ent fecal-
coliform testing 5ho ed are occasional Klebsiellapneurfloniae,
which as with the E. coli , is indicative of fecal con-
tamination .
With the exception of E. coli , the coliform species
identified in the distribution system are recognized as
opportunistic pathogens . To ascertain the potential threat
to public health from this coliform contamination , several
health experts were contacted : Edwin Geldreich , Chief o
Microbiology section , Drinking Water , Research Division at
EPA in Cincinnati , and Dr . Steven C . Edbergr Department of
Laboratory Medicine , Yale University , New Haven ,
Connecticut, These consultants indicated that between 100
M. Anthony Lally Associates 22 .
JiEALTH SIGNIFICANCE (ccntinuo� d)
and 1 , 000 organists per 100 ml were required for infection
of the normal population by Enterobacter and Ylebsiella .
Although the levels of colitvrms occurring within the
system were not considered of health significance to the
normal population , the organisms isolated were kncwrx to be
associated with hospital-acquired infections .
Epidemiologists from The Center for Disease control in
Atlanta , Georgia , explained clearly that drinking water is
not sterile, and that the &iterabacter and Klebsieila spe-
cies present in the water supply are present in much higher
nimbers in many foods , as well as in many parts of the body .
As a precaution, sampling points should be added at all
nursing homes and area hospitals .
Joyce S . Rippin
-4
I
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX A 25 .
Table X �
COLIFORK PATHWAYS THROUGH SOURCE WATER SUPPLY ,
WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
I
I . Source Water
I
A. Bidding in watershed area
B. Erosion of soil
C . Sewage intrusion I
D . Recreational activities
E. Turbidity
F . Algae
G. Precipitation and runoff
11 . Colonization Factors
A. Seasonal warm-water conditions
1 . Accelerated growth and cell aggregates enter
water flow
. Turbidity
3 . Engulfment of bacteria by macroinvertebrates
4 . Minimal nutrient requirements ( trace organics
and a nitrogen source Efertilizekl )
S . mucoid mutants become dominant (Klehsiella)
6 . Sark mulch harbors Klabsiella organisms
III . Treatment Deficiencies
A. Marginal treatment effectiveness- inter eTences
1 . Cold-water temperatures
. High chlorine demand
3 . Turbidity
B . Inadequate plant maintenance
1 . Chlorine deficiencies
2 . Bacterial colonization
3 . ChlorinLinjured bacteria undetected on stan-
dard media passing into distribution system
TAT . Pathways Through Distribution system
Line repairs
1 . Lack of chlorination of new services
B . New line construction
1 . 1nadegvate protection from soil contamination
. Lack of chlorination
26 .
APPENDIX A
Table 2
BACTERIAL PROFILES OF COGIFORK SOURCES
Meat-PrOQ@Ssin2 Wastes
Enteric Bacterial profile;
E. coli 56 . 9
£lebsielliaG pnnumoaiae 21 . 5
- . .
�
Enterobactel pP , 13 . 0
..---
p ectobacterium 0 . 5 '
... . .
Salmonella,_Shjam ella 7 . 3
Food-processing Kasten
Enteric Bacterial Profile:
E. soli 35 . 0
Klebsielliae pneumOftiae 55 . 0
EnterobacteE. �!M- 3 . 3
2ectobacteri= 6 . 0
Salmonella , Shi@ ells 0 . 7
K1ebsielliae .Origin
F@Cal Source Environmental
Domestic Waste Environmental
20% coli£orm profile ( EE+) Bark m-ulch
Pathogenic Strains ( 85%+) ITeen (conifers )
Vegetation
16-71% FC+
71% coli£oIm profile
7 .
APPENDIX
Table 33
I
PARAMETERS TO $E 'VESTED MONTHLY ON LAKE COCHICHEWICK RAW {
WATER SUPPLY AND WATERSHED-AREA BROOKS AND STREAM i
*, H
P
Color - (HACH )
Turbidity - (HACH )
* Alkalinity - (CaCO ) - titration,
Hardness (CaCQ) - titration
Calcium (CaCO ) - titration
chlorides -- titration
manganese - coloieimetric (HACH )
colorimetric (RACH )
Sodium - atomic absorption
#* conductivity - specific conductivity meter (HACH )
Nitrates , Nitrites -- oolorimetric (HACH )
** Fluoride - colorimetric (HACH )
Copper - colorimetric (HACH )
Phosphorus - (HACH ) : total phosphorus
total soluble phosphorus
ortho phosphorus
Dissolved oxygen DC - Yellow Springs D .O . meter or
(HACH )
Temperature - Yellow Springs D .C. Meter or (BCAC)
Bacteriological Parameters :
- Total Cvliform Bacteria
* - Fecal Coliforms
- Fecal Strep
- Total Plate Courts
Dote : Weather conditions should always be noted when
samples are collected, especially when heavy precipi-
tation precedes collection .
The HACH DRBL 5 - DR3 Spectrophotometer and tests are
EPA accepted and approved for reporting purposes .
** Parameters to be tested daily on raw water and to be
performed on feeder streams and brooks after
rainstorms . Otherwise all parameters are done Monthly .
*** Fluoride shall be used as a tracer for possible sewage
intrusion .
28 .
APPENDIX A
Table 4
OLIFORM NONCOMPLIANCE ACTION PLAN
LEVEL I :
Environmental Colonization
- Monitor for fecal col i f orms
- Monitor local hospitals for waterborne outbreaks
- Review water-treatment operations for corrective
action
- Review distribution program for flushing , line
repairs and new line disinfection protocol.
(Table 6 )
LEVEL II ;
Fecal Colonization
- Coliform isolates confirmed to be fecal coliEorms
- Boil-water order issued immediately
- Evaluate free chlorine residual to 2 . 0 Mg/1
throughout system
- Review water-treatment operations for corrective
action
- Increase monitoring until contamination i.s brought
under control and water quality meets regulations
Reference : Edwin S . GeldrieQh ( USEPA, Cincinnati , Ohio)
29 .
APPENDIX A
Table 5
COL1F0RM SPECIES IDENTIFIED IN TREATED EFFLUENT AND
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM SAMPLES FROM NORTH ANDOVER
Bounce : Raw Water and Total System ;
Total Number of Organisms
Specific Organisms Identified Number % of Total
«1@bsiella 2aeamonia 207 26 . 9 .
Klemm iella 0x/toca 18 2 . 3
ar�te£obacter cloacae 110 14 , 3
knterobacter aero gees 183 23 . 8
terobacter agglome£ans 39 5 . 1
Rnterobaoter ha£nia@ IO 1 . 3
(aka 8a£Sia alfni )
Enter obacter sakazakii 21 2 . 7
Escherichia soli 168 21 . 8
Citrobactef ££eundii 7 0 . 9
Citrobacter amalomaticus 5 0 . 6
5e=ratia li uifacians 2 0 . 3
Total : 770 100 . 0
Raw water samples taken from both the North and South
Pumping Stations yielded the same coliiorm species as the
treated and distribution-system water samples . Raw water
samples , even in Serial dilutions , were difficult to routi-
nely sp@Fiat@ dae to high background counts and the time
involved in obtaining pure cultures .
30 .
APPENDIX A
Fable 6
PROCEDURES FOR THE INSTALLATION AND INSPECTION OF
NEW WATER MAINS
The connection of dirty or contaminated water mains to a
public water system can cause problems ranging from dirty
water to a direct danger to public health . The following
are guidelines for the installation , disinfection and con-
nection of new water mains to the municipal water system .
1 . During installation , precuations shall be taken to pro-
tect the interior of pipes , fittings and, values against
contamination . All openings in the pipeline shall be
closed with water-tight plugs at the close of each day 's
work . Theses plugs shall prevent the entry of trench
water or rodents into the pipe during construction
2 . After installation , all pipe shall be filled and sub-
jected to pressure and leakage tests in acordance with
AN I/AWWA standard 600-84, section 4 , or its latest
revision . During these tests , care shall be taken to
assure that no water is introduced back into the munici-
pal system. These tests shall be conducted in the pre-
sence of the Director of Public Works
3 . After the pressure and leakage tests are complete, the
pipeline shall be fl,, 5hed to remove any suspendable
material . Flushinq shall tie at a rate sufficient to
produce a velocity of 2 . 5 feet per second in the pipe
unless otherwise directed by the 0ireetor of Publio
Works . Flushing shall be conducted at such a time as
shall be determined by the director to prevent as far ,
as possible , complaints from other users of the system.
4 . After flushing the water , the pipe shall b4� disinfected
in accordance with ANSI AWWA sandard C601-81 or its
latest revision . it the trench is dry and the length of
pipe is short , the tablet method oC chlorination
(section 5 . 1 ) may be used . If this method is used, Step
3 above is omitted . Because of this omission , it is
especially important that the pipe be kept clean . The
required number of tablets shall be cemented to the top
of the bell end of each length of pipe installed .
Eonger ruts of pipe shall be chlorinated using the con-
tinuous teed method (Section 5 . 2 ) . The new pipe shall
be filled as required with water having a chlorine resi-
dual of no less than 25 mg 1 . The chlorine injection
31 .
APPENDIX A
Table 6 (continued)
point shall be no more than 10 feet from the beginning of
the pipe. The pipe shall be flushed through a corporation
stop at .its end . A hydrant shocld not be used for chlori-
nating since the strong chlorine solution can damage inter-
nal harts . It is difficult to get reliable bacteria samples
from a hydrant . The Director of Public Works shall test the
flow from the pipe IMMEDIATZLY after chlorination to verify
that it contains at least 25 mg/1 of chlorine. After
chlorination , the valves connecting the pipe to the munici-
pal system shall be closed and the chlorine allowed to stay
in the pipe for 24 hours . After 24 hours , the chlorine
solution sb all be flushed from the pipe. The Director of
Public Works shall check the chlorine residual of the first '
water flushed from the pipe to make sure that it contains
the required 10 mg l residual after 24 hours .
After all the chlorine has been flushed from the pipe, the
director shall collect a sample of the water from the end of
the pipe in a sterile bottle supplied by the laboratory. He
stall fill in a collection form and return the sample to the
laboratory within two hours of collection . At the labora-
tory, the sample shall be analyzed for coliform croup bac-
teria . The lab stall report the results to the director ,
and if the sample is free of coliform bacteria and the
director certifies the main was properly chlorinated, the
new piping is suitable for conneotion to the municipal
system. if the bacteria test is not satisfactory, the lab
director will recommend the new pipe again be flushed and
rechlorinated .
It is IMPERATIVE that these procedures be performed by the
Director of Public Works or the Laboratory Director and not
by the contractors at the building sites or the work crews .
APPENDIX B
33 r
APPENDIX B
BACTERIOLOGICAL REPORT
NORTH A DOVER WATER-SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
JUKE 12 , 1986
Prior to April 28 , 1986 , raw-water coliform courts we;e low
and samples taken from the distribution system were basi-
cally coliform free, with the exception of a few stray
col i f o�ms .
On May 1 , 1986 , the raw water coliform Count~ from the South
Pumping Station was 1 ,100 conform colonies ; background
colonies were not reported. it has been shorn in the
literature that background colonies over 200 will suppress
coliform growth , and it is strongly felt that counts from
May 1 , 1986 , were greater than 1 , 100 . Lawrence E perim4ent
Station used 25 mis of sample and reported background as
heavy. Chlorine residuals were 2 .1 mg l at the north
Station and 2 .5 mg/1 at the South Station . All chlorine
residuals in the town were under 0 . 7 mg/1 total and 20 coli-
forms were isolated with high background counts .
On May 12 , 1986 , the raw water at the Forth Station had
1 , 400 coliforms , high background colonies and 34 coliform
colonies isolated from the distribution system. On May 13 ,
1986 , the South Pumping Station reported 450 coliform colo-
nies in the raw water and heavy background. After this
period of time, the distribution samples were grossly con-
taminated a good deal of the time . Chlorine residuals were
either low, 0 . 5 mgl or not present , and dead ends all had
0 . 0 mg/1 total chlorine. Samples of water were normally
taken from Sutton Reservoir after a booster chlorinator and
coliforms were periodically isolated . A. review of the data
showed that the most contamination was evident when the
Soiath Pumping Station was off-line and the distribution
system was being fed from the Sutton Hill Reservoirs .
on Jilne 2 , 1986 , samples were taken from both of the Sutton
reservoirs and also taken at different depths . The old
Sutton Reservoir was contaminated and colonies were too
numerous to count . Recent publications (Applied and
Environment Microbioio. , January 1986 , Kippin , McFeters and
_
LeChavalier) ha.s shown that ohlorine can stress and
sublethal) injure coliform bacteria and prevent growth on a
m-Endo agar , which is a stressful media; however , given
34 .
APPENDIX B (continued)
enough time, the organisms once in the distribution system,
can attach to pipe surfaces and repair and periodically
slough off of the biofilm as a result of hydraulic flows .
Chlorine residuals as high as 10 zng 1 of free chlorine can-
not penetrate the organisms once embedded in the slime
matrix (New Haven , Connecticut, Kennebunk , Kennebunkport and
Wells , Maine water districts ) .
The new Sutton Reservoir was slightly contaminated . The
ox-ganisms isolated from the reservoirs and the distribution
system were idea tiEied as Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter
freundii , Enterobacter cloacae , Enterobacter aerogenes ,
Kl.ebsiella oxyetoca , and E. coli ( 2) . E . coli was present
only in the old Sutton Reservoir ( two colonies ) and none
were forand in the distribution system. E . coli is vex'
sensitive to chlorine, and it is believed that it was not
present in the system. With the exception of E. coli , the
organisers listed above have never been implicated as being
responsible for causing disease as a result of a waterborne
outbreak.
The isolated bacteria are termed opportunistic pathogens or
secondary invaders . These organisms are what is normally
referred to as soil. organisms . All produce , such as let-
tuce , tomatoes and fruits , are highly contaminated ( i .e . , in
the thousands ) with these organists . Apple cider has over
one million of these organisms in 100 mis .
Since the chlorine was elevated to 6 mg 1 , the treated water
from the pumping stations has shoran zero ooliforms { however ,
because of the high raw-water turbidity , these organisms are
possibly injured . During a period of heavy rain , the
chlorine demand of the raw water is not being satisfied.
This phenomenon of heavy rain and excessive coliforms in
distribution systEms is well-documented in the American
Water Works association journals .
The raw water is also quite heavily saturated with algae .
This is also exerting a chlorine demand . Although a
thorough count has not beea done , there is avic-ula,
Fragilaria , Ancystxs and Miorococcus . It is also imperative
to apply copper sulfate to the lake immediately and to con-
tinue doing so all summer long ; otherwise, it will be dif-
ficult to eliminate the algae . Old Sutton Reservoir is now
being chlorinated with over 200 mg/1 of chlorine and will be
allowed to sit for at least 24 hours . Afterward , the new
one will also be done in the same manner .
35 .
i
APPENDIX B (continued)
i
It is highly advisable to go to chlorine dioxide or ozone in
the pumping stations . Chlorine dioxide and ozone are strong
oxidants , stronger than gaseous chlorine, They reduce tur-
bidity and color , are not pH dependent, and require a con-
tact time of Less than five minutes , in contrast to
chlorine , which requires a contact time of one hour or
longer .
I
JO CK S . Kippin
APPENDIX C
. :
TOWN OF FORTH ANDOVER
|
BECORD .OF SAMPLINC LOCATIONS
DATE OF CO£tECTIOV Chlorine 10 0 %
LOCATION' Total rree Sheen Sack d TurbidityTire )
1 . 7o�n Hall 3 . 1 - O 2 2 . 2 10: 20
-. 2 . - Iqay Scale Store 3 . 0 - 6 20 1 . 7 11 . 35 '
3 , yell:Lmack College 0 . 5 - 76 300 1 . 0 1 : 00
4 . Sunoco Gas Station 1 . 3 - 27 200 1 . 6 12 : 50
5 . Western Electric 1 . 5 - 23 175 1 . 4 11 : 25
6 . Market Basket 0 - 39 - 0 3 1. 5 9: 40
7 . Town Garage 0 . 19 - 32 150 1 . 3 9 -. 15
S . Eutcher Box 3 , 1 _ 3 3 1 , 4 11. 15
9 . 420 Great Pond Road 4 . 1 _ 0 3 1 . 1 I1: 50
10 . DOctol 's Bgilding
ra£S , Avenue 1 . 9 - 131 300 1 . 9 1: 15
11 . FOrkeski Meadows
Green Street 0 . 55 _ 0 5 1 . 9 9 : 55
12 . Ealli son Is
Cyickelina Road - 4 . 5 9 : 15
}I E2 ay2s Rcad 0 . 95 _ 25 200 2 . 0 9 : 00
14 . IlFscottQlsig tome
4
C» ckf�i c RoaE 3 . 4 _ ] 8 2 . 0 10 : 40
EI L.a n e 1 . 0 - 99 400 1 . 0 12 : 15
1E . CC.n en-n ce Stole
Fa } e. 6tI■et 2 . 75 - 25 250 1 . 1 12 : 30
17 . Eleerly 2oU31n9 3 1 . 4 10: 10
Fcra e Court
IS.. "=tton Hill R@8erV0 l _ . 12 . A
15 . Forth Piimp Station - 4 . 3 - 5 10 1 . 5 11: 05
7:eatea �
20 . SoQt§ I'-p Station -
I- r 13 . 8 5 . ID 1 . 2 12 : 00
North pump Station - 10 mi-50/500 1 . 6 11 : 00
Raw 20 mI-IOO/§DO 1 . 6 11 : 00
So,oth P iimp Station - 10 m1-90/1000 2 . 0 11 : 55
Raw 20 ml-165/1600 2 . 0 11 : 55
]7 .
TOWN OF NORTH ANDOVER
RECORD R SAMPLING LOCATIONS
DAIS OF COLLECTION: l ml
LOCATION Total/Free Sheen Eaok a , Turbidity Time
1 . Toun Hall 2 . 0 1 . 8 62 31 1 . 5 9 . 25
2 . FaX Scale store 3 . 45 3 . 3 12 . 25
3 . Perriack College 0 . 5 0 . 2 0 . 87 10; 35
4 . Funcco Gas Station 1 . 5 1 . 0 0 . 95 I0 = 45
5 . Western Electric 0 . 5 0 . 3 2 . 7 12 : 55
6 . MaTket Basket 0 . 4 l . n 10 : 2
7 . Town Gala e 0 . 3 0-. 1. 2 . 0 9 : 05
8 . Butcher £0 ] . 3 , 5 1 . 1 1 . 05 .
9 , 420 Great Pond Road 3 , 9 3 . 8 I1 . 50
10 . Doctor 's Building
Mass . Avenue 2 . 7 2 . 4 O 0 1 . 3 2 : 30
11 . xolkeski Meadows
Green Street 0 . 75 0 . 5 n 0 1 . 1 9 : 50
12 . Harrison ' s
eylCkerino road 1 . 2 0 . 9 2 0 1 , 4 10 : 05
3 . Ja- eE %oble
11 IaXal s Foa% 0 , 65 O . 0 0 1 . 2 8 . 50
14 . Prescott N Qlsing Home.
C[{ckeli c Roaa 1 3 . 2 3 . O O O 1 . 4 1 . 20
25 . 7c :t-=h Ec!§ es!
ED x/ Ie; Ba iEe k e 0 . 5 0 . 35 0 O 0. g5 ; OO
16 . Ccnvemlence 5tofe
se2sm Street l , 5 l . 3 0 . 9 12: 15
17 , Elderly housing
£ccaEe Court 1 . 15 D . 75 O D 1 . 0 9 ; 40
18 , Sutton Hill Reservoir 555 2 . 25 1 . 1 11 : OD
29 . North Imo. Station -
T=eatea 4 . 3 4 . l 12i45
20 . South I',y Station - �L]
4Irate] 3 . 5 3 . 4 11z35
North pump Station 20 ml-100/3500 12 . 40
Raw 10 ml-300/2200 12 : 40
South Pump Station 20 ml-confluent 11 : 30
law 10 ml-220/9000
-STATE RESULTS - Sheen 1. Background = 20
. i
TOWN' OF NORTH A§DOVER I
RECORD CE SAMPLINC LOQTTOYS
(Afternoon Samples with SPS Up)
DATE OF COLLECTION:6/9/8E 1 ri ml )
�
LOCATION Total FI@e sheen Back a . TurbidityTime
1 , Town Hall 2 . 9 2 . 8 0 - 0 . 98 12: 40 (
2 . Bay Scale Store 3 . 6 3 . 5 1 - 1 . 50 [
3 . lverr iimack College 0 . 7 0 . 4 0 - 3 . 15 ,
4 . EgnOco Gas Station 3 , 2` )
5 . Western Flectlic - 2 . 45 )
6 . Market Basket 0 . 12 0 . 06 0 2 . 0 12 ; 15
7 . Town Gara_ e 0 . 15 0 . 1 2 400 2 . 7 12 = 50
]
S . Buechel Boy 3 . 8 3 . 7 0 5555 . ]
9 . 420 cleat pond Road - 1-. 4 i
10 . Doctor Is Building
£ass . Avenue 3 . 8 3 . 8 0 - 2 . 0 11. 45
21 . Morkeski reado s
Green Street 1 . 9 1 . 6 0 40 1 . 7 12. 00
12 . Earrison ' S
7h4: Cke-rjnq road 2 . 1 2 . 0 0 - 0005 .
3 . JL�-±s Noble
11 [gwafas Rcad 11 ! 351
14 . F=escctt ¥QIr-i£] B cpe
E1;C�+t ; r9 F.ca« 3 . 3 3 . 0 O - _ 2 - 15
15 . Jsse \ Ec15@£ i
@ [ McI;ncside Lane 1 . 2 0 . 8 0 - 5. 00
If . Eon-Enience Store
F; le. street 2 . 7 2 . 5 0 - 3 . 50
17 . Elderly Housing
mC(aEe Eoult 0 . 4 0 . 2 O 100 l . ] 12 : 30
18 . E�dtton Hill Reservoi 3 . 1 3 . 3
l9 . North pump Station -
Treated 4 . 3 4 . 3 2 2 - 30
20 . £OQth Pu7.p Station - 4 . 1 4 . 0 Gab O - 1 . 25
J -eated 4 , 5 4 . 5 0£I O 1 : 25
Sovth Pump Station . 5 .0
Raw
TC)WN OF NORTH ANDOVER
R£CO2p OF SA LINO LOCATIONS
(Morning Samples with SPS Down)
DATE OF COLLECTION: §/9/8(. . .c dorine ml
LOCATION tar Flee 311@e Baok!R TurbidityTime
1 . Town Hall 2 . 5 2 . 2 0 4 1 , 4 10 : 05
--2 ._ Hay scale Store
7 . yerriack College '
4 . SLnoco Gas Station
5 . resteTn Electric
6 . Market Basket R 1 . 8 9 . 35
7 . 7own Garage a - 3 . 2 O - 2 . 0 10 : 00
S . Butcher 5o
9 . 420 Great Pond Road
10 . Doctor 's Building
\3s£ , Avenue 1 - 6 1 , 2 TNTC 2 . 3 9 . Do:!
11 . Morke■ki Meadows
Creen street 0 . 6 0 . 4 3 500 1 . 4 9 . 15
12 . Fallisonls
�yickelo RCaa
3 . !i-L7 es Notle
\ ! F«WaIJ£ Road 0 . 5 0 . 35 TNI2c 1 . 3 § ; 45
14 . rzescott §QIIi g Rome
15 , 2cle�K Fc=geEi �
ED : IinE £� e bane
[ 6 . Convenience Stole
FEZ , Street
[7 . Elderly Housing
\c(abe court ' 0 , 02 0 O 20 I . O 9 : 50
.8 . Sutton Hill »eseTvoir .
.9 . North F unp station -
�leate]
10 . SJQth p',p Station - Lab O - 1 , 6 12= 5
-Eatea nf f '
4o.
TOVN OF NORTH ANDOVER
;kFEORD OF SA pLIXE LOCATION
DATE OF COLLECTION: 9/ Chlorine ml
LOCATION TotaljFreg, sheen Back § . TUrbidity Time
1 . 7,own Ball 2 . 9 2 . 8 0 0 0 . 98 12. 40
2 . Nay Scale Store 3 . 6 3 . 5 l O 1 . 2 1 : 50 ]
3 . Xerr i ack College 0 . 9 O . 4 0 0 0 . 8 3 . 15
4 . Sunoco Gas StatioT) 1 . 8 1 . 6 0 0 1 . 1 3 : 05
5 . Western Electric 1 . 5 1 . 1 O 0 2 . 1 2 . 45
6 . 6arket Pasket 0 . 19 0 . 04 O O 2 . 0 12 : 15
7 . Town Garage 0 . 15 0 . 1 2 400 2 . 7 12 : 50
9 . Butcher Boy 3 . 8 3 . 7 O 0 0. 8 2 : 35
9 . 420 Great Pond Road 4 . 5 4 . 1 O 0 1. 4 1 . 45
20 . Doctor 's Building
\ass . Avenue 3 . 8 3 . 8 0 0 2 . 0 11 . 45
11 . Flork@Ski Meadows .
Green Street 1 . 9 1 . 6 O 40 1 .7 12. 00
12 . F6Yri son 's
'hickerinc Poad 2 . 1 2 . 0 O O 1 . 0 3. 05
. 3 . james Noble
11 rewards Road 0 . 65 0 . 4 0 2 1 . 3 11 . 35
14 . Prescott ursin) §om
{13cktlinc Road 3 . 3 3 . o O 0 0 . 7 2 . 15
} ` . JcEE=h aClgesi
f0 xcln3£g £iae T-ane 1 . 2 0 . 8 0 0 1 . 1 : 00
If . Eonvtnience Stole
rare, Street 2 . 7 2 . 5 O 0 1 . 0 3; 50
17 . Elderly Housing
McCabe court 0 . 4 0 . 2 0 l00 1 . 3 I2; 30
18 . Sutton Hill R e5rZv0i . O 5; 35
19 . North Punp station - 4 . 3 4 . 3 O 2 2; 30
Tzeated
�0 . south p a:p Station - 4 . 1 4 .0 Lab O O 1 - 25
IIe3led � 4 . 5 4 . 5 Off
-
North pump Station - 20 ml-30/500 1 . 0 2; 25
Raw 10 m1-160/300 1 . 0 2; 25
South Pip Station - 20 ml-320/900 1 . 35
1W 10 ml-58o/400 1 . 35
41 .
«Ok-9 OF NORTH ANDOVER
RECORD Or :AIAPLINC LOCATIMS
DATE OF COLLECTION: 6/B/BE Chlorine 1Q0 ml
LOCATION Total Flee S§@en sack d . Turbidity Time
1 . Town Hall
2 ._ Hay Scale stole 3 , 0 2 . 5 0 O 1 . 4 11. 10
3 . V■Iliyr,ack College 0 . 1 0 . 1 O O 0 . 76 11: 35
■ . Sunoco Gas Station r) 7 0 - 6 0 . 87 11 ; 45
5 , yestex-n 31ec tlic
§ . karket Basket 5 0 . 3 O O 1 . 3 3. 00
7 , Town Garage 0 . 3 0 . 2 O 0 1 . 3 2 : 00
8 � Butcher Boy `
§ , 420 Great Pond Road 0 . 64 1 : 30
10 . Doctor ' ■ Building
Mass , Avemie
11 . Morkeski Mea]o¥s
Glee& Street ,
12 , Harrison ' s
bickeri k0a 1 . 0 0 .7 0 1 . 5 11 : 20
. 3 . J�-:7 es Noble
11 I«wardF Rca6 .
14 . Prescott NQlSing H0m@
E»irkeying Foa£ 4 . 5 4 . 5 O 0 1 . 4 2 : 1
l5 . 2c ,e Eolg eEi
eD xernangside Lane 2 . 0 2 . o _ 0 O 0 . 83 12 . 50
If . convenience stole
Sale. £tleet 0 . 9 0 .8 O O 1 . 3 12: 20
17 , rldelly Housing
McCabe court 0 . 8 0 . 9 0 0 1 . 1 2. 40
18 . Sutton 11111 Reservoir 2 . 0 2 . 0 0 O 0 .74 12: 00
19 . North PLmp Station -
1£ate4 5 . 0 5 , O 1 . 1 2 ; ZW
?0 . ScQth P-,p Station - 6 . 0 5 , 0 0 O O , § 10 : 35
Treated 0 O 0 . 7 I0 : 45
North pump Station - 20 ml-100/500 1 . 0 2 : 20
Raw 10 m1-35/500 1 . 0 2 : 20
�
"Zouth pump Station - 20 ml-365/1000 1 . 2 10 ; 50
aw 10 m1-500/500 1 . 2 10 : 50
